The Gospels | Episode 14
Closed captions
The Gospels | Episode 14
Show timecode
Hide timecode
- History--The Gospels," we followed Jesus during his last
- 00:00:03.010 --> 00:00:07.010
- few days of ministry.
- 00:00:07.020 --> 00:00:09.120
- Jesus continued to challenge the religious and political
- 00:00:09.130 --> 00:00:12.150
- authorities in and around Jerusalem.
- 00:00:12.160 --> 00:00:15.100
- After teaching in the temple, Jesus and his disciples would
- 00:00:15.110 --> 00:00:18.140
- exit the Golden Gate, cross the Kidron Valley, and relax on the
- 00:00:18.150 --> 00:00:22.230
- Mount of Olives, opposite the Temple Mount.
- 00:00:22.240 --> 00:00:26.210
- [music]
- 00:00:28.140 --> 00:00:38.150
- [music]
- 00:00:38.150 --> 00:00:48.150
- Dave: On one of those days, as they were exiting the temple
- 00:01:19.050 --> 00:01:21.240
- complex, one of the disciples said to Jesus, "Look, Teacher,
- 00:01:21.250 --> 00:01:26.070
- what wonderful stones and what wonderful buildings!"
- 00:01:26.080 --> 00:01:29.210
- And Jesus said to him, "Do you see these great buildings?
- 00:01:29.220 --> 00:01:33.160
- There will not be left here one stone upon another
- 00:01:33.170 --> 00:01:37.090
- that will not be thrown down."
- 00:01:37.100 --> 00:01:39.170
- Mark 13:1-2.
- 00:01:39.180 --> 00:01:42.090
- Did they hear Jesus right?
- 00:01:42.100 --> 00:01:44.130
- Was he predicting the total destruction of the temple, the
- 00:01:44.140 --> 00:01:47.190
- magnificent complex, the crown jewel of Jerusalem that had
- 00:01:47.200 --> 00:01:51.090
- taken a half a century to build?
- 00:01:51.100 --> 00:01:54.060
- As he sat on the Mount of Olives, opposite the temple,
- 00:01:54.070 --> 00:01:57.020
- Peter, James, John, and Andrew asked him privately, "Tell us,
- 00:01:57.030 --> 00:02:02.020
- when will these things be?
- 00:02:02.030 --> 00:02:03.230
- What will be the sign when all these things
- 00:02:03.240 --> 00:02:05.130
- are about to be accomplished?"
- 00:02:05.140 --> 00:02:07.100
- Mark 13:3-4.
- 00:02:07.110 --> 00:02:10.000
- Then Jesus went on to deliver a cryptic account of the
- 00:02:10.010 --> 00:02:14.060
- signs of the things to come.
- 00:02:14.070 --> 00:02:16.270
- He mentioned nation rising against nation, kingdom rising
- 00:02:16.280 --> 00:02:21.050
- against kingdom, earthquakes, and famines.
- 00:02:21.060 --> 00:02:24.140
- Even the sun, moon, and stars would be dramatically affected.
- 00:02:24.150 --> 00:02:30.020
- Jesus foretold the destruction of Jerusalem, and he warned his
- 00:02:30.030 --> 00:02:34.010
- followers to be on their guard for they would be arrested,
- 00:02:34.020 --> 00:02:37.290
- tried, tortured, and killed on account
- 00:02:38.000 --> 00:02:42.010
- of his association with him.
- 00:02:42.020 --> 00:02:44.170
- Jesus talked about terrible times in the future,
- 00:02:44.180 --> 00:02:48.090
- but he also gave hope for his glorious return
- 00:02:48.100 --> 00:02:51.090
- to set things right again.
- 00:02:51.100 --> 00:02:54.190
- Now the theologians have debated over the centuries what Jesus
- 00:02:54.200 --> 00:02:57.140
- really meant in his discussion of the end times.
- 00:02:57.150 --> 00:03:00.120
- There's a wide variety of opinions about these gospel
- 00:03:00.130 --> 00:03:05.260
- passages, especially about the times and the seasons
- 00:03:05.270 --> 00:03:10.060
- and the signs of this end-of-day scenario.
- 00:03:10.070 --> 00:03:13.030
- But what we do know is that in 70 A.D.,
- 00:03:13.040 --> 00:03:16.190
- some 37 years after Jesus gave this prediction,
- 00:03:16.200 --> 00:03:20.060
- Rome sacked Jerusalem and destroyed it.
- 00:03:20.070 --> 00:03:24.230
- The historian Josephus actually witnessed the siege and
- 00:03:24.240 --> 00:03:28.060
- aftermath and said, "Now, as soon as the army had no more
- 00:03:28.070 --> 00:03:32.110
- people to slay or to plunder because there remained none to
- 00:03:32.120 --> 00:03:36.020
- be the objects of their fury, Titus Caesar gave orders that
- 00:03:36.030 --> 00:03:39.260
- they should now demolish the entire city and temple.
- 00:03:39.270 --> 00:03:44.100
- Other than a few towers and forts for the Roman garrison,
- 00:03:44.110 --> 00:03:47.150
- everything was destroyed.
- 00:03:47.160 --> 00:03:49.230
- It was so thoroughly laid even with the ground by those that
- 00:03:49.240 --> 00:03:53.120
- dug it up to the foundation, that there was left nothing to
- 00:03:53.130 --> 00:03:56.190
- make those that came thither, believe Jerusalem
- 00:03:56.200 --> 00:03:59.130
- had ever been inhabited.
- 00:03:59.140 --> 00:04:01.270
- "The Wars of the Jews" or "History of the Destruction
- 00:04:01.280 --> 00:04:04.180
- of Jerusalem," Book 7, Chapter 1.
- 00:04:04.190 --> 00:04:07.290
- Then, about 60 years later, the Roman emperor Hadrian, commenced
- 00:04:08.000 --> 00:04:12.030
- with finishing the job of the complete Romanization of
- 00:04:12.040 --> 00:04:15.120
- Jerusalem and much of the land of Israel.
- 00:04:15.130 --> 00:04:18.060
- By 135 A.D., nearly 600.000 Judeans were killed, and over
- 00:04:18.070 --> 00:04:23.240
- 100.000 towns and villages were razed to the ground.
- 00:04:23.250 --> 00:04:28.110
- The practice of the Mosaic law was prohibited.
- 00:04:28.120 --> 00:04:31.020
- The sacred scrolls were burned, and circumcision was outlawed.
- 00:04:31.030 --> 00:04:35.280
- After Hadrian, all that remained on the Temple Mount of Jerusalem
- 00:04:35.290 --> 00:04:39.170
- were a few Roman statutes.
- 00:04:39.180 --> 00:04:43.070
- In an attempt to erase the memory of Jerusalem and
- 00:04:43.080 --> 00:04:46.010
- Judea, Hadrian renamed this territory Syria Palaestina,
- 00:04:46.020 --> 00:04:51.140
- a complete eradication of Israel and Judea in favor
- 00:04:51.150 --> 00:04:54.160
- of the ancient Philistines.
- 00:04:54.170 --> 00:04:57.270
- And he renamed Jerusalem Aelia Capitolina, a loose combination
- 00:04:57.280 --> 00:05:02.160
- of Hadrian's family name and a hill,
- 00:05:02.170 --> 00:05:05.260
- commemorating the Roman God Jupiter.
- 00:05:05.270 --> 00:05:08.210
- Now, the Jews were strictly forbidden from entering their
- 00:05:08.220 --> 00:05:11.160
- capital except for once a year on the holiday that commemorated
- 00:05:11.170 --> 00:05:15.080
- the destruction of the temple.
- 00:05:15.090 --> 00:05:18.080
- These massive stones lying here at the base of the southern
- 00:05:18.090 --> 00:05:22.150
- section of the Temple Mount are a testimony to the fulfilled
- 00:05:22.160 --> 00:05:26.220
- prophecy of Jesus.
- 00:05:26.230 --> 00:05:29.000
- From 70 to 135 A.D., the Roman soldiers completely stripped
- 00:05:29.010 --> 00:05:33.250
- the Temple Mount bare.
- 00:05:33.260 --> 00:05:35.290
- Every stone was thrown down, and the survivors, the remnants of
- 00:05:36.000 --> 00:05:40.260
- the Jewish people, well, they were scattered
- 00:05:40.270 --> 00:05:43.090
- to the four corners of the earth.
- 00:05:43.100 --> 00:05:47.110
- Jerusalem, for the Passover, was really the place
- 00:05:47.120 --> 00:05:50.060
- to be, kind of like Times Square on New Year's Eve,
- 00:05:50.070 --> 00:05:54.210
- and things here were really beginning to heat up as
- 00:05:54.220 --> 00:05:57.020
- the Passover feast drew near.
- 00:05:57.030 --> 00:05:59.100
- The city was overflowing with pilgrims
- 00:05:59.110 --> 00:06:01.260
- from all over the Roman world.
- 00:06:01.270 --> 00:06:04.190
- And Jesus' talking about the coming destruction
- 00:06:04.200 --> 00:06:08.060
- of the temple, really didn't help matters much
- 00:06:08.070 --> 00:06:11.120
- with the religious leaders.
- 00:06:11.130 --> 00:06:13.090
- In fact, the gospels tell us that they were seeking
- 00:06:13.100 --> 00:06:16.050
- a way to put Jesus to death because they feared
- 00:06:16.060 --> 00:06:19.220
- losing control of the people.
- 00:06:19.230 --> 00:06:23.270
- It was under these circumstances that the
- 00:06:25.050 --> 00:06:26.280
- Gospel of Luke then tells us that one of the 12 apostles,
- 00:06:26.290 --> 00:06:30.280
- Judas Iscariot, turned on Jesus.
- 00:06:30.290 --> 00:06:33.180
- You've heard it said, don't be a Judas.
- 00:06:33.190 --> 00:06:36.020
- Well, that expression came from this story,
- 00:06:36.030 --> 00:06:38.170
- making the name synonymous with traitors.
- 00:06:38.180 --> 00:06:41.160
- The gospels say that Judas was driven by satanic influence,
- 00:06:41.170 --> 00:06:45.260
- and that he sought out the religious leaders in Jerusalem
- 00:06:45.270 --> 00:06:48.180
- to cut a deal with him.
- 00:06:48.190 --> 00:06:50.230
- He would disclose the whereabouts of Jesus
- 00:06:50.240 --> 00:06:53.130
- and turn him over at an opportune time.
- 00:06:53.140 --> 00:06:56.220
- He went away and conferred with the chief priests and officers,
- 00:06:56.230 --> 00:07:00.200
- how he might betray him to them, and they were glad
- 00:07:00.210 --> 00:07:03.150
- and agreed to give him money.
- 00:07:03.160 --> 00:07:05.150
- So he consented and sought an opportunity to betray him to
- 00:07:05.160 --> 00:07:08.220
- them in the absence of a crowd.
- 00:07:08.230 --> 00:07:11.130
- Luke 22:4-6.
- 00:07:11.140 --> 00:07:14.040
- In the meantime, the Passover feast was nearly upon
- 00:07:14.050 --> 00:07:16.290
- the people of Jerusalem.
- 00:07:17.000 --> 00:07:18.260
- It was the Day of Unleavened Bread, the day on which the
- 00:07:18.270 --> 00:07:22.050
- Passover lamb had to be prepared for sacrifice.
- 00:07:22.060 --> 00:07:26.000
- "So Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, 'Go and prepare the
- 00:07:26.010 --> 00:07:30.080
- Passover for us that we may eat it.'
- 00:07:30.090 --> 00:07:33.060
- They said to him,
- 00:07:33.070 --> 00:07:35.040
- 'Where will you have us prepare it?'
- 00:07:35.050 --> 00:07:37.070
- He said to them, 'Behold, when you have entered the city,
- 00:07:37.080 --> 00:07:40.100
- a man carrying a jar of water will meet you.
- 00:07:40.110 --> 00:07:43.240
- Follow him into the house that he enters and tell the master of
- 00:07:43.250 --> 00:07:47.110
- the house, "The Teacher says to you, 'Where is the guest room,
- 00:07:47.120 --> 00:07:51.260
- where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?'"
- 00:07:51.270 --> 00:07:54.180
- And he will show you a large upper room, furnished.
- 00:07:54.190 --> 00:07:58.050
- Prepare it there.'
- 00:07:58.060 --> 00:08:00.080
- And they went and found it just as he had told them,
- 00:08:00.090 --> 00:08:02.270
- and they prepared the Passover."
- 00:08:02.280 --> 00:08:04.290
- Luke 22:8-13.
- 00:08:05.000 --> 00:08:08.180
- Now, the Jewish Passover was celebrated every
- 00:08:08.190 --> 00:08:10.290
- year in early spring.
- 00:08:11.000 --> 00:08:13.240
- It was the main Jewish holiday, celebrating the time
- 00:08:13.250 --> 00:08:16.230
- in the exodus when God delivered the Israelites
- 00:08:16.240 --> 00:08:19.080
- from slavery in Egypt.
- 00:08:19.090 --> 00:08:22.050
- Now, the Passover meal was eaten in remembrance of God passing
- 00:08:22.060 --> 00:08:25.250
- over the houses of those who had sacrificed a lamb and sprinkled
- 00:08:25.260 --> 00:08:30.170
- its blood on the wooden doorposts and mantels,
- 00:08:30.180 --> 00:08:34.020
- while the angel of death visited those who had not sprinkled
- 00:08:34.030 --> 00:08:37.140
- the blood of the lamb.
- 00:08:37.150 --> 00:08:39.280
- The Hebrew Scriptures tell us that the angel of death was the
- 00:08:39.290 --> 00:08:43.030
- final of ten plagues that God had sent to save the Israelites
- 00:08:43.040 --> 00:08:48.040
- from Egyptian bondage.
- 00:08:48.050 --> 00:08:50.150
- Now, the theme of the Jewish Passover was remembering
- 00:08:50.160 --> 00:08:54.040
- the gift of salvation from slavery in Egypt.
- 00:08:54.050 --> 00:08:58.270
- The Passover lamb was to be perfect and flawless
- 00:08:58.280 --> 00:09:01.270
- and without blemish.
- 00:09:01.280 --> 00:09:03.290
- It was to have no bones broken when sacrificed.
- 00:09:04.000 --> 00:09:07.240
- Those who were covered by the blood of the lamb were saved
- 00:09:07.250 --> 00:09:12.250
- from the angel of death.
- 00:09:12.260 --> 00:09:16.260
- Remember when John the Baptizer first saw Jesus coming
- 00:09:16.270 --> 00:09:19.270
- toward him at the Jordan River?
- 00:09:19.280 --> 00:09:21.280
- He declared, "Look, the Lamb of God.
- 00:09:21.290 --> 00:09:24.280
- He takes away the sin of the world!"
- 00:09:24.290 --> 00:09:27.050
- John 1:29.
- 00:09:27.060 --> 00:09:29.150
- It turns out that Jesus' role as the Lamb of God is central
- 00:09:29.160 --> 00:09:33.070
- to the gospel message.
- 00:09:33.080 --> 00:09:35.030
- Many believe that Jesus was the fulfillment of centuries of
- 00:09:35.040 --> 00:09:39.070
- Passovers that had been observed before him.
- 00:09:39.080 --> 00:09:42.070
- For many scholars, the slaying of the Passover lamb, in order
- 00:09:42.080 --> 00:09:45.180
- for the death angel to pass over those who were covered
- 00:09:45.190 --> 00:09:49.140
- by the blood, is the prophetic picture of Jesus.
- 00:09:49.150 --> 00:09:54.140
- Now, the celebration of the Passover by Jesus and his
- 00:09:56.050 --> 00:09:59.060
- apostles is known as The Last Supper.
- 00:09:59.070 --> 00:10:02.240
- It's called The Last Supper because it was both a Passover
- 00:10:02.250 --> 00:10:05.160
- meal and the final meal that Jesus shared with his disciples
- 00:10:05.170 --> 00:10:09.240
- before his betrayal, arrest, and crucifixion.
- 00:10:09.250 --> 00:10:14.170
- Now, West of the Temple Mount, on Mount Zion, at a location
- 00:10:14.180 --> 00:10:18.200
- known as the Cenacle, this spot has been celebrated as the
- 00:10:18.210 --> 00:10:23.010
- location for The Last Supper since the 4th century
- 00:10:23.020 --> 00:10:26.270
- when a church was built here.
- 00:10:26.280 --> 00:10:29.180
- However, early writers mentioned a Cenacle church on Mount Zion
- 00:10:29.190 --> 00:10:34.010
- as early as the 2nd century A.D.
- 00:10:34.020 --> 00:10:36.250
- Well, even if this building isn't the exact spot, this
- 00:10:36.260 --> 00:10:39.220
- location has been the traditional site for the Upper
- 00:10:39.230 --> 00:10:42.100
- Room since the 4th century A.D., fitting the description
- 00:10:42.110 --> 00:10:46.260
- of a wealthy neighborhood and an Upper Room.
- 00:10:46.270 --> 00:10:53.010
- All four gospel accounts tell us that Jesus
- 00:10:53.020 --> 00:10:55.120
- and his apostles reclined at the table, strongly suggesting
- 00:10:55.130 --> 00:10:59.110
- that this Passover meal was eaten around a triclinium,
- 00:10:59.120 --> 00:11:03.160
- a traditional table used for special occasions.
- 00:11:03.170 --> 00:11:06.190
- Leonardo da Vinci's famous 15th-century painting,
- 00:11:06.200 --> 00:11:09.240
- known as "The Last Supper," shows Jesus and his disciples,
- 00:11:09.250 --> 00:11:13.140
- sitting at a European-style table.
- 00:11:13.150 --> 00:11:16.110
- However, the triclinium was a low, three-sided surface
- 00:11:16.120 --> 00:11:20.040
- at which the guests reclined on their left elbow
- 00:11:20.050 --> 00:11:23.080
- and ate with their right hand.
- 00:11:23.090 --> 00:11:26.060
- Typically, the placement of each guest at the triclinium
- 00:11:26.070 --> 00:11:29.050
- reflected a position of status, from the most important
- 00:11:29.060 --> 00:11:32.170
- to the least important person.
- 00:11:32.180 --> 00:11:34.130
- Within the cultural context, Jesus, the Rabbi,
- 00:11:34.140 --> 00:11:37.120
- was probably reclining in the highest position as the host.
- 00:11:37.130 --> 00:11:41.060
- According to the gospel of John, John was to the immediate right
- 00:11:41.070 --> 00:11:45.000
- of Jesus, while Judas Iscariot was somewhere close to his left.
- 00:11:45.010 --> 00:11:49.170
- We also learn a bit later in the account that Peter was
- 00:11:49.180 --> 00:11:52.160
- on the opposite side of the table from John.
- 00:11:52.170 --> 00:11:55.180
- It's very possible that Peter was in the servant's
- 00:11:55.190 --> 00:11:58.100
- position at the table.
- 00:11:58.110 --> 00:12:00.220
- But why would Peter be in the servant's spot at the table?
- 00:12:00.230 --> 00:12:04.020
- Certainly, Peter was in close relationship to Jesus and could
- 00:12:04.030 --> 00:12:07.280
- have been positioned at a place of honor.
- 00:12:07.290 --> 00:12:10.060
- Indeed, Jesus had changed Simon's name to Peter, the
- 00:12:10.070 --> 00:12:14.140
- "rock," and had given him the keys to the kingdom several
- 00:12:14.150 --> 00:12:17.280
- months earlier at Caesarea Philippi.
- 00:12:17.290 --> 00:12:20.250
- Jesus had definitely elevated Peter's
- 00:12:20.260 --> 00:12:23.030
- position within the Twelve.
- 00:12:23.040 --> 00:12:25.070
- So what was going on?
- 00:12:25.080 --> 00:12:27.030
- Note Peter's reaction when Jesus rose from the supper table
- 00:12:27.040 --> 00:12:30.270
- and did something unusual.
- 00:12:30.280 --> 00:12:33.180
- "Jesus laid aside his outer garments and, taking a towel,
- 00:12:33.190 --> 00:12:37.120
- tied it around his waist.
- 00:12:37.130 --> 00:12:39.070
- Then he poured water into a basin and began to wash the
- 00:12:39.080 --> 00:12:42.120
- disciples' feet and to wipe them with the towel
- 00:12:42.130 --> 00:12:45.160
- that was wrapped around him.
- 00:12:45.170 --> 00:12:47.130
- He came to Simon Peter, who said to him,
- 00:12:47.140 --> 00:12:49.240
- 'Lord, do you wash my feet?'
- 00:12:49.250 --> 00:12:52.020
- Jesus answered him, 'What I am doing, you do not
- 00:12:52.030 --> 00:12:55.040
- understand now, but afterward, you will understand.'"
- 00:12:55.050 --> 00:12:59.070
- John 13:4-7.
- 00:12:59.080 --> 00:13:02.210
- Now, the washing of the feet was an act that was
- 00:13:02.220 --> 00:13:05.100
- supposed to have been done by the servants at the table.
- 00:13:05.110 --> 00:13:08.190
- But it seems that person had not done his job,
- 00:13:08.200 --> 00:13:11.180
- so Jesus proceeded to do the job himself.
- 00:13:11.190 --> 00:13:15.160
- Now, nobody objected until Jesus got to Peter, who said,
- 00:13:15.170 --> 00:13:20.090
- "Lord, are you going to wash my feet?
- 00:13:20.100 --> 00:13:24.180
- No, you shall never wash my feet."
- 00:13:24.190 --> 00:13:28.160
- Maybe it was Peter who was sitting in the servant's
- 00:13:28.170 --> 00:13:31.030
- position at the table, and maybe Peter hadn't fulfilled his role,
- 00:13:31.040 --> 00:13:35.200
- therefore, Jesus got up and demonstrated true leadership
- 00:13:35.210 --> 00:13:40.160
- when he washed the feet of the apostles.
- 00:13:40.170 --> 00:13:45.120
- "Do you understand what I have done to you?
- 00:13:45.130 --> 00:13:47.220
- You call me Teacher and Lord, and you are right, for so I am.
- 00:13:47.230 --> 00:13:52.040
- If I then, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet,
- 00:13:52.050 --> 00:13:55.280
- you ought to wash one another's feet.
- 00:13:55.290 --> 00:13:58.230
- For I have given you an example, that you also should
- 00:13:58.240 --> 00:14:01.090
- do as I have done to you.
- 00:14:01.100 --> 00:14:03.170
- Truly, truly, I say to you, a servant is not greater
- 00:14:03.180 --> 00:14:07.020
- than his master, nor is a messenger greater than
- 00:14:07.030 --> 00:14:10.130
- the one who sent him.
- 00:14:10.140 --> 00:14:12.140
- If you know these things, blessed are you if you do them."
- 00:14:12.150 --> 00:14:16.180
- John 13:12-17.
- 00:14:16.190 --> 00:14:21.110
- After Jesus had demonstrated servant leadership
- 00:14:22.220 --> 00:14:25.280
- to his disciples, he returned to the table.
- 00:14:25.290 --> 00:14:29.230
- The Gospel of John says that he was troubled in his Spirit.
- 00:14:29.240 --> 00:14:34.060
- "Jesus said to them, 'Truly, truly, I say to you, one of you
- 00:14:34.070 --> 00:14:37.270
- will betray me.'
- 00:14:37.280 --> 00:14:40.090
- The disciples looked at one another,
- 00:14:40.100 --> 00:14:42.040
- uncertain of whom he spoke.
- 00:14:42.050 --> 00:14:44.140
- John asked, 'Lord, who is it?' Jesus answered,
- 00:14:44.150 --> 00:14:48.220
- 'It is he to whom I will give this morsel
- 00:14:48.230 --> 00:14:51.260
- of bread when I have dipped it.'
- 00:14:51.270 --> 00:14:54.280
- So when he dipped the morsel, he gave it to Judas,
- 00:14:54.290 --> 00:14:57.280
- the son of Simon Iscariot."
- 00:14:57.290 --> 00:15:01.100
- The gospels continue.
- 00:15:01.110 --> 00:15:03.090
- "After receiving the bread from Jesus, Judas Iscariot
- 00:15:03.100 --> 00:15:06.150
- immediately went out of the room and into the night.
- 00:15:06.160 --> 00:15:11.060
- When Judas had left the group, Jesus said,
- 00:15:11.070 --> 00:15:13.250
- 'Now is the Son of Man glorified,
- 00:15:13.260 --> 00:15:16.240
- and God glorified in him.'"
- 00:15:16.250 --> 00:15:20.050
- John 13:31.
- 00:15:20.060 --> 00:15:23.040
- Then Jesus went on to tell his remaining 11 apostles
- 00:15:23.050 --> 00:15:26.200
- about leaving them for a while.
- 00:15:26.210 --> 00:15:28.230
- He also shared what he expected of them while he was gone.
- 00:15:28.240 --> 00:15:32.290
- "Where I am going, you cannot come.
- 00:15:33.000 --> 00:15:36.030
- A new commandment I give to you that you love one another.
- 00:15:36.040 --> 00:15:40.060
- Just as I have loved you, you also are to love one another.
- 00:15:40.070 --> 00:15:44.260
- By this, all people will know that you are my disciples
- 00:15:44.270 --> 00:15:49.050
- if you have love for one another."
- 00:15:49.060 --> 00:15:51.230
- John 13:33-35.
- 00:15:51.240 --> 00:15:55.040
- Now, the Passover feast was an especially
- 00:15:55.050 --> 00:15:57.190
- holy event for all Israelites.
- 00:15:57.200 --> 00:16:01.100
- During this last meal with his apostles, Jesus took two symbols
- 00:16:01.110 --> 00:16:06.270
- associated with Passover, unleavened bread and wine,
- 00:16:06.280 --> 00:16:11.050
- and infused them with new meaning as a way
- 00:16:11.060 --> 00:16:14.110
- to remember his coming sacrifice.
- 00:16:14.120 --> 00:16:19.000
- "And when the hour came, he reclined at the table,
- 00:16:19.010 --> 00:16:21.290
- and the apostles with him.
- 00:16:22.000 --> 00:16:23.220
- And he said to them, 'I have earnestly desired to eat this
- 00:16:23.230 --> 00:16:27.000
- Passover with you before I suffer.'"
- 00:16:27.010 --> 00:16:30.190
- "And he took bread, and when he had given thanks,
- 00:16:30.200 --> 00:16:32.270
- he broke it and gave it to them, saying,
- 00:16:32.280 --> 00:16:35.140
- 'This is my body which is given for you.
- 00:16:35.150 --> 00:16:38.290
- Do this in remembrance of me,'
- 00:16:39.000 --> 00:16:41.110
- and, likewise, the cup, after they had eaten, saying,
- 00:16:41.120 --> 00:16:44.240
- 'This cup that is poured out for you is the new
- 00:16:44.250 --> 00:16:48.090
- covenant in my blood.'" Luke 22:14-20.
- 00:16:48.100 --> 00:16:54.150
- Peter didn't understand what was going on.
- 00:16:54.160 --> 00:16:57.200
- "'Lord, where are you going?' Jesus answered him,
- 00:16:57.210 --> 00:17:00.240
- 'Where I am going you cannot follow me now,
- 00:17:00.250 --> 00:17:03.000
- but you will follow afterward.'
- 00:17:03.010 --> 00:17:05.190
- Peter said to him, 'Lord, why can I not follow you now?
- 00:17:05.200 --> 00:17:08.270
- I will lay down my life for you.'
- 00:17:08.280 --> 00:17:11.130
- Jesus answered, 'Will you lay down your life for me?
- 00:17:11.140 --> 00:17:15.020
- Truly, truly, I say to you, the rooster will not crow till you
- 00:17:15.030 --> 00:17:19.190
- have denied me three times.'" John 13:36-38.
- 00:17:19.200 --> 00:17:27.090
- That was another blow to Peter.
- 00:17:27.100 --> 00:17:29.170
- He had walked with Jesus some 3 years.
- 00:17:29.180 --> 00:17:32.260
- He had witnessed his teachings and miracles for himself.
- 00:17:32.270 --> 00:17:37.010
- And when it came to faith and insight,
- 00:17:37.020 --> 00:17:39.030
- Jesus had called Peter a "rock."
- 00:17:39.040 --> 00:17:42.110
- Now he is told that he will fail when things get difficult.
- 00:17:42.120 --> 00:17:46.260
- Jesus goes so far as to say that Peter will deny even a simple
- 00:17:46.270 --> 00:17:50.180
- association with Jesus, three times, before the sun rises.
- 00:17:50.190 --> 00:17:56.020
- Undoubtedly, Peter is upset.
- 00:17:56.030 --> 00:17:59.010
- But Jesus goes on with more intimate
- 00:17:59.020 --> 00:18:01.160
- teaching to his friends.
- 00:18:01.170 --> 00:18:04.130
- "'Let not your hearts be troubled.
- 00:18:04.140 --> 00:18:06.150
- Believe in God.
- 00:18:06.160 --> 00:18:08.100
- Believe also in me.
- 00:18:08.110 --> 00:18:10.110
- In my Father's house are many rooms.
- 00:18:10.120 --> 00:18:12.290
- If it were not so, would I have told you that
- 00:18:13.000 --> 00:18:15.060
- I go to prepare a place for you?
- 00:18:15.070 --> 00:18:17.190
- And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and
- 00:18:17.200 --> 00:18:22.000
- will take you to myself, that where I am you may also be.
- 00:18:22.010 --> 00:18:26.250
- And you know the way to where I am going.'
- 00:18:26.260 --> 00:18:29.150
- Thomas said to him,
- 00:18:29.160 --> 00:18:31.030
- 'Lord, we do not know where you are going.
- 00:18:31.040 --> 00:18:33.110
- How can we know the way?'
- 00:18:33.120 --> 00:18:34.280
- Jesus said to him,
- 00:18:34.290 --> 00:18:36.170
- 'I am the way and the truth and the life.
- 00:18:36.180 --> 00:18:40.170
- No one comes to the Father except through me.'"
- 00:18:40.180 --> 00:18:44.190
- John 14:1-6.
- 00:18:44.200 --> 00:18:47.180
- When Jesus said, "I am the way,"
- 00:18:47.190 --> 00:18:49.250
- that was a radical departure
- 00:18:49.260 --> 00:18:51.110
- from traditional Jewish teaching.
- 00:18:51.120 --> 00:18:54.190
- For many who practice Judaism in that day, the way to stay right
- 00:18:54.200 --> 00:18:58.090
- with God was by following all the religious laws,
- 00:18:58.100 --> 00:19:02.060
- but Jesus was making things personal.
- 00:19:02.070 --> 00:19:04.180
- According to the gospels, Jesus said, "I am the way to heaven.
- 00:19:04.190 --> 00:19:08.180
- I replace all the religious laws.
- 00:19:08.190 --> 00:19:11.200
- I replace all the sacrifices.
- 00:19:11.210 --> 00:19:13.280
- I replace all the Jewish pomp and circumstance.
- 00:19:13.290 --> 00:19:16.280
- I am the only way."
- 00:19:16.290 --> 00:19:19.160
- Jesus goes on to say, "I am the truth, and I am the life."
- 00:19:19.170 --> 00:19:23.170
- He embodies ultimate truth, and in the end,
- 00:19:23.180 --> 00:19:26.120
- he provides eternal life.
- 00:19:26.130 --> 00:19:29.270
- Throughout the gospels, we read that Jesus
- 00:19:31.270 --> 00:19:34.170
- was empowered by the Holy Spirit.
- 00:19:34.180 --> 00:19:37.090
- What does this mean?
- 00:19:37.100 --> 00:19:38.230
- Well, Scripture teaches that the Holy Spirit is an indispensable
- 00:19:38.240 --> 00:19:41.210
- part of God, and that God is manifested in three persons:
- 00:19:41.220 --> 00:19:46.070
- God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit.
- 00:19:46.080 --> 00:19:50.070
- This is also referred to as The Holy Trinity.
- 00:19:50.080 --> 00:19:53.140
- According to the gospel narrative, it was the Holy
- 00:19:53.150 --> 00:19:56.060
- Spirit that caused Jesus to be conceived by Mary in Nazareth.
- 00:19:56.070 --> 00:20:00.200
- It was the Holy Spirit that qualified Jesus for ministry
- 00:20:00.210 --> 00:20:04.110
- during his baptism by John in the Jordan River.
- 00:20:04.120 --> 00:20:08.010
- It was the wisdom of the Holy Spirit that allowed Jesus
- 00:20:08.020 --> 00:20:10.240
- to teach with authority throughout the region
- 00:20:10.250 --> 00:20:13.160
- of Galilee and in the temple at Jerusalem.
- 00:20:13.170 --> 00:20:17.020
- And it was the power of the Holy Spirit that enabled Jesus
- 00:20:17.030 --> 00:20:20.160
- to do miracles such as raising his friend Lazarus
- 00:20:20.170 --> 00:20:23.080
- from the dead at Bethany.
- 00:20:23.090 --> 00:20:26.020
- Now at the Last Supper with his closest followers, he tells
- 00:20:26.030 --> 00:20:29.080
- them, "If you love me, you will keep my commandments.
- 00:20:29.090 --> 00:20:33.120
- And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper
- 00:20:33.130 --> 00:20:36.250
- to be with you forever even the Spirit of truth, whom the world
- 00:20:36.260 --> 00:20:41.030
- cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him.
- 00:20:41.040 --> 00:20:45.000
- You know him, for he dwells with you and will be in you."
- 00:20:45.010 --> 00:20:50.020
- John 14:15-16.
- 00:20:50.030 --> 00:20:53.070
- "These things I have spoken to you while
- 00:20:53.080 --> 00:20:55.110
- I am still with you.
- 00:20:55.120 --> 00:20:56.290
- But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my
- 00:20:57.000 --> 00:21:00.180
- name, he will teach you all things and bring to your
- 00:21:00.190 --> 00:21:04.140
- remembrance all that I have said to you."
- 00:21:04.150 --> 00:21:06.280
- John 14:25-26.
- 00:21:06.290 --> 00:21:10.200
- This is an amazing and a mysterious promise.
- 00:21:10.210 --> 00:21:13.290
- In the Upper Room, Jesus declares that the same Holy
- 00:21:14.000 --> 00:21:17.030
- Spirit that empowered his work throughout his ministry will
- 00:21:17.040 --> 00:21:21.140
- soon be available to his apostles.
- 00:21:21.150 --> 00:21:24.190
- The Holy Spirit would act as their helper throughout
- 00:21:24.200 --> 00:21:27.240
- their lives and mission that comes next.
- 00:21:27.250 --> 00:21:31.220
- Indeed, the New Testament book, the Acts of the Apostles,
- 00:21:31.230 --> 00:21:35.090
- shows that these men became completely changed,
- 00:21:35.100 --> 00:21:38.200
- full of confidence and courage.
- 00:21:38.210 --> 00:21:42.150
- Next, to further illustrate his future relationship with his
- 00:21:42.160 --> 00:21:46.160
- disciples, Jesus illustrates his teaching with a parable,
- 00:21:46.170 --> 00:21:50.140
- and then makes them a promise.
- 00:21:50.150 --> 00:21:53.060
- "I am the true vine, and my Father is the vinedresser.
- 00:21:53.070 --> 00:21:57.000
- Every branch in me that does not bear fruit he takes away,
- 00:21:57.010 --> 00:22:01.210
- and every branch that does bear fruit he prunes,
- 00:22:01.220 --> 00:22:04.250
- that it may bear more fruit."
- 00:22:04.260 --> 00:22:06.270
- "As the branch cannot bear fruit by itself, unless it abides in
- 00:22:06.280 --> 00:22:10.000
- the vine, neither can you, unless you abide in me.
- 00:22:10.010 --> 00:22:13.250
- I am the vine.
- 00:22:13.260 --> 00:22:15.230
- You are the branches.
- 00:22:15.240 --> 00:22:17.190
- Whoever abides in me and I in him, he it is that bears much
- 00:22:17.200 --> 00:22:22.010
- fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing.
- 00:22:22.020 --> 00:22:26.000
- If anyone does not abide in me he is thrown away
- 00:22:26.010 --> 00:22:29.060
- like a branch and withers.
- 00:22:29.070 --> 00:22:31.140
- And the branches are gathered,
- 00:22:31.150 --> 00:22:33.060
- thrown into the fire, and burned.
- 00:22:33.070 --> 00:22:36.040
- If you abide in me and my words abide in you, ask whatever you
- 00:22:36.050 --> 00:22:40.160
- wish, and it will be done for you.
- 00:22:40.170 --> 00:22:42.290
- By this my Father is glorified, that you bear much fruit
- 00:22:43.000 --> 00:22:47.080
- and so prove to be my disciples.
- 00:22:47.090 --> 00:22:50.090
- As the Father has loved me, so I have loved you.
- 00:22:50.100 --> 00:22:53.280
- Abide in my love.
- 00:22:53.290 --> 00:22:56.020
- If you keep my commandments, you will abide in my love,
- 00:22:56.030 --> 00:23:00.250
- just as I have kept my Father's commandments
- 00:23:00.260 --> 00:23:03.190
- and abide in his love."
- 00:23:03.200 --> 00:23:05.180
- John 15:1-10.
- 00:23:05.190 --> 00:23:08.250
- As Jesus was closing his time with his closest
- 00:23:08.260 --> 00:23:12.030
- companions in the Upper Room, he gives them a special command.
- 00:23:12.040 --> 00:23:16.220
- He says this: "This is my commandment, that you love one
- 00:23:16.230 --> 00:23:20.140
- another as I have loved you.
- 00:23:20.150 --> 00:23:22.260
- Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his
- 00:23:22.270 --> 00:23:27.050
- life for his friends.
- 00:23:27.060 --> 00:23:29.270
- You are my friends if you do what I command you.
- 00:23:29.280 --> 00:23:33.160
- No longer do I call you servants, for the servant does
- 00:23:33.170 --> 00:23:36.110
- not know what his master is doing, but I have called you
- 00:23:36.120 --> 00:23:38.260
- friends, for all that I have heard from my Father
- 00:23:38.270 --> 00:23:42.160
- I have made known to you."
- 00:23:42.170 --> 00:23:45.030
- John 15:12-15.
- 00:23:45.040 --> 00:23:49.160
- To understand what is being said here, you should know
- 00:23:49.170 --> 00:23:52.160
- that the gospels, which were written in Greek, record that
- 00:23:52.170 --> 00:23:55.180
- Jesus used a very distinctive Greek word, "agape,"
- 00:23:55.190 --> 00:23:59.180
- to communicate a depth of meaning.
- 00:23:59.190 --> 00:24:02.060
- "Agape" is often translated "love" in English, but actually,
- 00:24:02.070 --> 00:24:05.120
- the word is really its own word because "agape love"
- 00:24:05.130 --> 00:24:09.120
- is different than all the other types of love.
- 00:24:09.130 --> 00:24:12.260
- The essence of agape love is unconditional
- 00:24:12.270 --> 00:24:15.290
- love and self-sacrifice.
- 00:24:16.000 --> 00:24:19.010
- It's selfless service for another.
- 00:24:19.020 --> 00:24:22.120
- Jesus had just spent the last few years modeling agape
- 00:24:22.130 --> 00:24:25.230
- for his disciples.
- 00:24:25.240 --> 00:24:27.080
- He touched the untouchables of society.
- 00:24:27.090 --> 00:24:29.270
- He healed sick and contagious people.
- 00:24:29.280 --> 00:24:32.230
- He showed compassion to the desperate and despised.
- 00:24:32.240 --> 00:24:36.180
- He spent time in the homes of outcasts.
- 00:24:36.190 --> 00:24:39.270
- He died with tax collectors, traitors, and thieves.
- 00:24:39.280 --> 00:24:44.120
- He interrupted his busy schedule to stop, sit,
- 00:24:44.130 --> 00:24:47.170
- and listen to the children.
- 00:24:47.180 --> 00:24:49.280
- He fed masses of hungry people.
- 00:24:49.290 --> 00:24:52.290
- He cast out legions of scary demons.
- 00:24:53.000 --> 00:24:56.120
- And here, at the Last Supper, he even washed the
- 00:24:56.130 --> 00:24:59.040
- feet of his own followers.
- 00:24:59.050 --> 00:25:01.260
- Jesus showed his disciples how to truly love.
- 00:25:01.270 --> 00:25:06.170
- And now unknown even to his closest friends, Jesus was about
- 00:25:06.180 --> 00:25:10.190
- to demonstrate the depth of his love for the entire world,
- 00:25:10.200 --> 00:25:14.280
- even to the point of death itself.
- 00:25:14.290 --> 00:25:18.290
- "I have said these things, that in me you may have peace.
- 00:25:20.080 --> 00:25:24.190
- In the world you will have tribulation.
- 00:25:24.200 --> 00:25:26.260
- But take heart.
- 00:25:26.270 --> 00:25:28.070
- I have overcome the world."
- 00:25:28.080 --> 00:25:30.060
- John 16:33.
- 00:25:30.070 --> 00:25:32.210
- These were the final words Jesus spoke
- 00:25:32.220 --> 00:25:35.100
- to his apostles at the Last Supper.
- 00:25:35.110 --> 00:25:38.190
- Then he turned his attention to God and said a final prayer.
- 00:25:38.200 --> 00:25:42.240
- "He lifted up his eyes to heaven and said this:
- 00:25:42.250 --> 00:25:46.270
- 'Father, the hour has come.
- 00:25:46.280 --> 00:25:49.280
- Glorify thy Son that the Son may glorify you, since you have
- 00:25:49.290 --> 00:25:54.160
- given him authority over all flesh, to give eternal life to
- 00:25:54.170 --> 00:25:58.220
- all whom you have given him.
- 00:25:58.230 --> 00:26:01.230
- And this is eternal life, that they may know you the only true
- 00:26:01.240 --> 00:26:06.030
- God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.'"
- 00:26:06.040 --> 00:26:10.010
- John 17:1-3.
- 00:26:10.020 --> 00:26:13.110
- [music]
- 00:26:18.260 --> 00:26:28.270
- [music]
- 00:26:28.270 --> 00:26:28.280
- [music]
- 00:26:28.280 --> 00:26:33.250
- [music]
- 00:26:33.260 --> 00:26:43.270
- [music]
- 00:26:43.270 --> 00:26:43.280
- [music]
- 00:26:43.280 --> 00:26:48.250
- [music]
- 00:26:48.260 --> 00:26:58.240