America's Hidden History | Squanto and Pocahontas
November 14, 2019
27:34
America's Hidden History
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America's Hidden History | Squanto and Pocahontas
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- - [Announcer] Modern historians have revised, rewritten,
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- and even deleted entire chapters of American history.
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- So what are we missing?
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- What happened to the history that didn't make the books.
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- Join historian, David Barton, Tim Barton, and special guests
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- as they uncover the facts some historians
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- don't want you to know.
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- This is America's Hidden History.
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- (dramatic music)
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- - We're along the Plymouth Coast in Massachusetts
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- and telling the story of Squanto.
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- Now Squanto is a name probably people have heard of,
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- maybe associate with Thanksgiving with the Pilgrims,
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- but there's a lot of backstory to Squanto,
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- even though most people know him because
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- when the Pilgrims land 1620, they go through that
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- first winter, they meet Squanto the next year,
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- but really you have to back up to learn his story.
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- 1607 is when the Jamestown Colony is established,
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- but even before 1607, there are explorers sailing
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- along the coast of the New World, trying to discover
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- what is here.
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- In 1605, there was an explorer here in the New World
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- who actually took Indians to go back to England
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- to learn about English culture.
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- - And the captain who came was George Weymouth,
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- and he was here because he was being sponsored by
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- the Earl of Southampton.
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- The Earl of Southampton, wealthy, but he's very interested
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- in colonization of this new world, and he's also very
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- interested in the Native Americans here,
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- wants to learn about them.
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- So what happened is Captain Weymouth took these Indians
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- back with him, and the Earl just kind of adopts them,
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- kind of moves them into his own family
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- and they live with him and go with him.
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- So for nine years, they live in England.
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- They learned the English language, English customs.
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- They learn all about this stuff, and after nine years,
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- Squanto says, I'm ready to go back.
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- - Well, the guy who brought him back is John Smith.
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- Now John Smith is famous because of Jamestown is where
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- people really recognize his name.
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- But John Smith not only brought Squanto back,
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- he was an explorer.
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- So when he gets back, he says, I want to explore and see
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- what else is here, so he does explore.
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- In fact, John Smith is really the guy that gives
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- the New World the name New England in honor of the King,
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- in honor of England.
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- Well, this is just like new England, it's England, but new.
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- So he even came up to where we are where Plymouth is
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- and thought this would be a great name, Plymouth.
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- There were other people saying, well we need to build
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- a colony there at Plymouth, so that's what actually
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- what lead to the Pilgrims doing what they did,
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- even getting here, knowing it was Plymouth,
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- calling it Plymouth, but let's back up.
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- So when John Smith is still exploring 1614,
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- there were other ship captains behind him.
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- One of them was Thomas Hunt.
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- Now Thomas Hunt saw there was an opportunity to actually
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- take some of these Indians and go back over to Europe
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- and sell them as slaves.
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- He caught 27 Indians, brings them back over to Europe,
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- and sells them into slavery.
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- - And Squanto's one of those 27.
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- And so they go back to Europe, specifically to Spain,
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- and Captain Hunt starts selling these Indians as slaves.
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- Well, some Spanish friars see that and said, this is not
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- a good deal, and they raised the money and were able
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- to purchase all the other Indians
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- that had not yet been sold.
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- So they take these Indians, they free them, they teach them
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- about Christianity, they treat them very well,
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- but Squanto says, I want to go back toward England.
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- I've been there nine years and I'm very familiar
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- with that culture.
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- So he works his way slowly back to England.
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- He gets there and he does spend another five years
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- in England and decides he's ready to come back home.
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- - Well, in 1619, he's able to come back to the New World
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- to New England, and when he gets here, he realizes that
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- his entire tribe has been wiped out by disease.
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- So now he has to figure out, where am I going to go?
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- What am I going to do?
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- Well, there's a friendly tribe, or at least a tribe
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- he makes friends with, the Wampanoags.
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- So even though Squanto has been in Europe
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- for roughly 15 years, he's learned Christianity,
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- he's learned English very well.
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- He has to find somewhere to live here,
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- and so he goes to live with the Wampanoag Indians.
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- (dramatic music)
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- - So Squanto's now moved in with Wampanoags,
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- and like him, they're great warriors,
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- and a strange thing happens.
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- In December, a ship arrives.
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- Now they've seen ships arrive before, but this one
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- comes in December.
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- That's a strange time of the year.
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- And they watch as these people get off, and those people
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- are the Pilgrims, and they kind of track them
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- through the winter to see what they're doing,
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- what's going on, and they see how tough it is on them.
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- As spring starts to arrive, one of those Indians,
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- a guy named Samoset goes out to talk to the Pilgrims.
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- And they didn't know quite how to respond.
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- They'd been told in England that an Indian is going to be
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- a really savage, it's a hard thing,
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- so they're kind of fearful.
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- - And by the way, part of the reasons the Indians
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- had responded with some savagery, actually, you can
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- credit that back to Thomas Hunt.
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- When Squanto gets kidnapped, 27 Indians are taken back,
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- if Indians are learning these white men are coming
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- to capture us and kidnap us, you can imagine they're
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- probably not real excited about the white men
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- they see going forward.
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- - And so Thomas Hunt explains to them, he said,
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- look, any Indians you find around here are probably
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- going to be really, really hostile.
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- And the Pilgrims aren't sure whether to trust this guy
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- or not, and he starts telling them what they need to be able
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- to do to live here and the best things they can do.
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- And they finally develop this kind of a trust relationship,
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- and they think Samoset's a good guy.
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- And then Samoset says, and then by the way, I've got a guy
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- back at the tribe that speaks English really well.
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- I don't, I have broken English.
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- I've learned it from some traders and trappers,
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- but I've got this guy I know that I'm going to bring to you
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- and he really speaks English well.
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- - And think for a second, you're talking to someone,
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- if you're a Pilgrim and you arrive in a new world
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- and you meet this Native American, this Indian comes to you
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- and says, okay, I'm not a good English speaker.
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- I've got a really good one back home.
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- What are the odds you run into a tribe where there's
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- two people that speak your language, and one of them
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- speaks it really well, is about to come meet you?
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- Well, Thomas Hunt does go back and get a delegation
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- from the tribe.
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- The Chief comes, Chief Massasoit comes.
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- We know Squanto's part of that delegation.
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- And this is very interesting, because Squanto has only
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- been back in the New World a limited amount of time
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- and already he's being brought into position where there
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- are English speakers who need his help,
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- and that's exactly what he does in this situation.
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- - So the Wampanoag and the Chief, they meet the Pilgrims
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- and they talk with one another and kinda decide,
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- maybe we can have some trust here.
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- Maybe we can have a relationship.
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- What we need to do is create some kind of a treaty
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- between us, and that's where Squanto becomes so significant.
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- - Yeah, so Squanto, because he spent roughly the last
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- 15 years over in Europe, he knows the way Europeans think,
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- but he's also been an Indian his whole life.
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- So he knows how the Indians think.
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- So he's the guy that's able to merge those two worlds
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- and say, okay.
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- So here's what you're thinking
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- and here's what you're thinking.
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- Here's where it comes together.
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- This peace treaty ends up being the longest lasting
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- peace treaty between any Anglos, any whites and the Indians
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- in American history, which is incredibly significant.
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- And we might credit the Pilgrims did a really good job,
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- and the Wampanoags did a really good job.
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- It's also fair to say that Squanto was probably the one
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- that helped them be able to do a really good job,
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- because he knew where both of them were coming from.
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- In the midst of talking about the Pilgrims,
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- and talking about the Wampanoags, and even this peace treaty
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- that was so successful, there's no doubt the providence
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- of God had brought Squanto to help in this very situation.
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- (dramatic music)
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- After the peace treaty is signed, Squanto realizes
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- the Pilgrims, they're really going to need some help
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- to survive and probably, in fairness, the Pilgrims
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- probably realized they needed help too.
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- I mean, after all, that first winter,
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- they didn't do very well.
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- Well, Squanto decides he's going to come
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- and live with the Pilgrims.
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- So he does, and as he lives with them, he shows them how
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- to live off the land.
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- And so much of what they were doing was based on what they
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- had learned in Europe, but the New World wasn't like Europe,
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- and so you can't fish or hunt the same way, and you don't
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- even do crops the same way here in the New World.
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- So he's having to show them how to do everything
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- to survive the New World.
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- He teaches them how to fish.
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- He shows them how to trap and how to hunt.
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- He shows them how to plant crops and they discover that corn
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- is the crop really they're doing the best with.
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- So he takes them from a place where they almost didn't
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- survive and probably would not have survived to a place
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- where actually they learned to get along pretty well.
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- - And so they're starting to have some abundance,
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- and they're not worried about starving to death like
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- they did the previous year when half of them died.
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- So they think, you know, fall's coming, we're about to go
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- into the winter, and we actually have something
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- to go into winter with.
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- We need to stop and thank God.
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- And so they do.
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- That wasn't the first Thanksgiving in America,
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- but it's the first Thanksgiving festival.
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- And they said, what we're going to do is we're going to have
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- three days and we need our friends here with us.
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- And so here comes 90 Indian braves and here comes
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- 51 Pilgrims, and for three days they sit down,
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- they feast together, they thank God together,
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- and they have athletic events together.
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- So great relationship between these 90 Indians
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- and these 51 Pilgrims.
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- - And it's interesting, by the way, notice there were
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- 90 Indians and 51 Pilgrims.
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- Think about the narrative that so often's repeated today
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- about how the whites just stole the land from the Indians.
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- Imagine if the Wampanoags felt like they were being cheated
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- or land had been stolen from them, what would
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- the Thanksgiving that the Pilgrims celebrated
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- maybe have looked like?
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- Probably not a day of Thanksgiving.
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- Probably a day of slaughter, because certainly
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- 90 Indian braves could've wiped out 51 of the Pilgrims
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- who were still children and men and women and elderly.
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- But this is where the narrative doesn't always fit.
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- Now, it's probably worth noting, the Pilgrims were different
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- in some capacity than some other colonists and settlers,
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- 'cause Jamestown wasn't quite the same.
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- - Jamestown was very different.
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- Jamestown was an English colony.
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- The Pilgrims were much more of a Biblical colony.
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- One example was the King gave them the land.
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- They said, no, no, no, King doesn't own it, the Indians do.
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- And so instead of taking the land like Jamestown did
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- and said, this is our land, the Pilgrims said, no,
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- this is your land.
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- Can we purchase some from you?
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- We're really like to live here as your neighbors.
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- Can we buy some land?
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- And the Indians sold it to them, and they bought it
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- from the Indians at the price set by the Indians,
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- and they had a title deed to every foot they had.
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- They also saw the Indians with equality.
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- They're God's kids too.
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- They may not know Jesus yet, but they're God's kids.
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- And so the concept of equality was very much there,
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- which it was not in Jamestown.
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- There was so much that the Pilgrims did differently from
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- other places, because they were a Biblical-minded colony
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- and the results really showed up in their relationship
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- with their neighbors and with Squanto.
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- - And Squanto largely would be the one who should get credit
- 00:10:20.140 --> 00:10:22.170
- for a lot of what the Pilgrims were able to accomplish.
- 00:10:22.170 --> 00:10:24.120
- Had it not been for somebody helping them be able
- 00:10:24.120 --> 00:10:27.000
- to make a treaty, be able to purchase land, be able
- 00:10:27.000 --> 00:10:29.250
- to plant crops and live and survive, and so even as we think
- 00:10:29.250 --> 00:10:32.190
- about Thanksgiving and the Pilgrims, really Squanto is
- 00:10:32.190 --> 00:10:35.050
- somebody we ought to be pointing to and saying, okay,
- 00:10:35.050 --> 00:10:37.100
- of all the things we are thankful for, even to be Americans,
- 00:10:37.100 --> 00:10:40.200
- I'm really thankful for this guy named Squanto
- 00:10:40.200 --> 00:10:43.180
- that God providentially brought to the Pilgrims that allowed
- 00:10:43.180 --> 00:10:46.150
- them to be able to establish and grow their colony.
- 00:10:46.150 --> 00:10:50.030
- and ultimately what influenced the nation it did,
- 00:10:50.030 --> 00:10:52.260
- but all of this wouldn't have happened had God not
- 00:10:52.260 --> 00:10:54.190
- brought them Squanto.
- 00:10:54.190 --> 00:10:55.220
- (dramatic music)
- 00:10:56.220 --> 00:10:59.140
- - So Squanto really was a providential answer
- 00:11:05.270 --> 00:11:08.220
- for all the needs of the Pilgrims.
- 00:11:08.220 --> 00:11:10.230
- Without him, it's very possible they would not have survived
- 00:11:10.230 --> 00:11:13.150
- here at all, but they did.
- 00:11:13.150 --> 00:11:15.210
- But sadly, for the Pilgrims,
- 00:11:15.210 --> 00:11:17.260
- Squanto was not with them very long.
- 00:11:17.260 --> 00:11:19.210
- Less than two years he was with them, and he was exploring
- 00:11:19.210 --> 00:11:22.140
- along the coast with Governor William Bradford,
- 00:11:22.140 --> 00:11:24.200
- became ill, and he died.
- 00:11:24.200 --> 00:11:26.240
- And so he's buried in an unmarked location somewhere
- 00:11:26.240 --> 00:11:29.240
- in the vicinity along the coast.
- 00:11:29.240 --> 00:11:31.220
- As he was dying, Governor Bradford records that he looked
- 00:11:31.220 --> 00:11:34.210
- at Governor Bradford and said, please pray for me.
- 00:11:34.210 --> 00:11:38.040
- I want to go to the white man's heaven.
- 00:11:38.040 --> 00:11:40.130
- Those were the last words of Squanto,
- 00:11:40.130 --> 00:11:42.150
- who did such extraordinary work for the Pilgrims.
- 00:11:42.150 --> 00:11:45.010
- - And Governor Bradford does identify that Squanto
- 00:11:45.010 --> 00:11:47.100
- was a God-send for the Pilgrims,
- 00:11:47.100 --> 00:11:49.040
- an instrument for our good from God.
- 00:11:49.040 --> 00:11:51.090
- If you think about Squanto, with the years he spent
- 00:11:51.090 --> 00:11:53.060
- in Europe, with learning English, learning
- 00:11:53.060 --> 00:11:55.210
- about Christianity, but having grown up here
- 00:11:55.210 --> 00:11:57.220
- in the New World and New England, it's hard to find
- 00:11:57.220 --> 00:12:00.150
- or think of someone better suited to be the gap
- 00:12:00.150 --> 00:12:03.120
- for the Pilgrims, to be able to help them,
- 00:12:03.120 --> 00:12:05.080
- understanding what European culture and thought
- 00:12:05.080 --> 00:12:07.160
- and Christianity was like coming to this place where
- 00:12:07.160 --> 00:12:09.250
- they've never been, and providentially,
- 00:12:09.250 --> 00:12:11.260
- he was able to help them survive.
- 00:12:11.260 --> 00:12:13.230
- His story truly is remarkable.
- 00:12:13.230 --> 00:12:16.060
- There's sad moments, but it really is amazing to see
- 00:12:16.060 --> 00:12:19.020
- God's providence through Squanto on behalf of the Pilgrims,
- 00:12:19.020 --> 00:12:21.270
- but ultimately for the New World.
- 00:12:21.270 --> 00:12:24.080
- As we talk about hidden heroes from American history,
- 00:12:24.080 --> 00:12:26.130
- Squanto is certainly a name we should remember.
- 00:12:26.130 --> 00:12:28.280
- (catchy music)
- 00:12:28.280 --> 00:12:31.160
- - While the Bartons are out on the road,
- 00:12:35.090 --> 00:12:36.170
- I'm here in Wallbuilders collection going through
- 00:12:36.170 --> 00:12:38.240
- our artifacts to try to figure out how exactly do we know
- 00:12:38.240 --> 00:12:41.210
- the story of Squanto and some of these early settlers.
- 00:12:41.210 --> 00:12:44.150
- Well, we know their story because they told us their story.
- 00:12:44.150 --> 00:12:47.250
- This right here is the New England Memorial.
- 00:12:47.250 --> 00:12:49.230
- It's one of the first books that was ever published
- 00:12:49.230 --> 00:12:51.200
- by the Pilgrims.
- 00:12:51.200 --> 00:12:53.060
- It was actually done by the nephew of William Bradford,
- 00:12:53.060 --> 00:12:55.110
- the governor, who was the secretary of the colony.
- 00:12:55.110 --> 00:12:58.090
- So as we open this up and look through,
- 00:12:58.090 --> 00:13:00.060
- we can see that this has actually been through
- 00:13:00.060 --> 00:13:01.230
- several hundred years of ownership.
- 00:13:01.230 --> 00:13:03.230
- We've got a note from a previous owner from 1669,
- 00:13:03.230 --> 00:13:07.270
- and another one from 1753, and just goes to show
- 00:13:07.270 --> 00:13:10.280
- how important having the primary source documents is
- 00:13:10.280 --> 00:13:14.240
- to the study of history.
- 00:13:14.240 --> 00:13:16.050
- Because before the colonists, the Native Americans
- 00:13:16.050 --> 00:13:18.170
- and the Indians, they didn't have a written language,
- 00:13:18.170 --> 00:13:21.000
- so they didn't leave us any records.
- 00:13:21.000 --> 00:13:22.250
- But the colonists, while they're doing all the hard work
- 00:13:22.250 --> 00:13:25.150
- of coming across the ocean, of creating a new life
- 00:13:25.150 --> 00:13:28.100
- and civilization out here in the wilderness,
- 00:13:28.100 --> 00:13:30.160
- they thought, you know, it's a good idea that we write down
- 00:13:30.160 --> 00:13:33.120
- what happens so that generations from now, they'll know
- 00:13:33.120 --> 00:13:35.270
- the story, they'll know about how God really helped us out.
- 00:13:35.270 --> 00:13:38.220
- They'll know about the amazing hidden heroes, like Squanto,
- 00:13:38.220 --> 00:13:41.250
- and all the hard work they did to make America possible.
- 00:13:41.250 --> 00:13:45.070
- (dramatic music)
- 00:13:46.090 --> 00:13:49.020
- - We're in Jamestown, Virginia,
- 00:14:12.030 --> 00:14:13.180
- actually on Jamestown Island, and this is where Pocahontas
- 00:14:13.180 --> 00:14:17.040
- kind of had some significant dealings.
- 00:14:17.040 --> 00:14:19.130
- And really, the story is about Pocahontas,
- 00:14:19.130 --> 00:14:21.030
- but to get to her story, we've really got to start
- 00:14:21.030 --> 00:14:23.170
- with the guy behind us, and that is the captain, John Smith.
- 00:14:23.170 --> 00:14:27.210
- Now John Smith's story starts many years earlier.
- 00:14:27.210 --> 00:14:30.280
- - Yeah, he starts as a young man who becomes a soldier.
- 00:14:30.280 --> 00:14:33.240
- He wants to go off and fight, and at that time,
- 00:14:33.240 --> 00:14:37.030
- Christians were largely fighting the Muslims,
- 00:14:37.030 --> 00:14:39.020
- who were trying to take all the Christian lands.
- 00:14:39.020 --> 00:14:41.000
- He goes off to fight Muslims and all these Jihads
- 00:14:41.000 --> 00:14:43.270
- that were occurring.
- 00:14:43.270 --> 00:14:45.030
- And so while he's out fighting Muslims,
- 00:14:45.030 --> 00:14:47.070
- he's captured and made a slave.
- 00:14:47.070 --> 00:14:49.010
- - But he doesn't stay in those bad conditions.
- 00:14:49.010 --> 00:14:51.080
- - No, he ended up killing his master and escaping
- 00:14:51.080 --> 00:14:54.080
- and getting back over to England.
- 00:14:54.080 --> 00:14:56.120
- When he got to England, he heard of this endeavor
- 00:14:56.120 --> 00:14:58.240
- that was under way, with doing something in the New World,
- 00:14:58.240 --> 00:15:02.120
- something in America that he liked the sound of that,
- 00:15:02.120 --> 00:15:04.270
- because he is an adventurous kind of guy.
- 00:15:04.270 --> 00:15:06.250
- So he kind of gets joined up with what became
- 00:15:06.250 --> 00:15:09.230
- the Virginia Company, which was Jamestown,
- 00:15:09.230 --> 00:15:12.040
- the first settlement.
- 00:15:12.040 --> 00:15:13.180
- So as they send their first group of three ships
- 00:15:13.180 --> 00:15:16.120
- to settle a colony here in Virginia, he's on that first set
- 00:15:16.120 --> 00:15:20.060
- of three ships.
- 00:15:20.060 --> 00:15:21.210
- They actually land up the river when they get here
- 00:15:21.210 --> 00:15:23.140
- in April of 1607, and there's 149 of them.
- 00:15:23.140 --> 00:15:27.140
- And they get out, and they kneel down, and the Reverend Hunt
- 00:15:27.140 --> 00:15:30.290
- leads them in prayer, and they erect a cross
- 00:15:30.290 --> 00:15:33.190
- at that location.
- 00:15:33.190 --> 00:15:35.030
- And from there, they say, now, we've got to find
- 00:15:35.030 --> 00:15:36.090
- a place to live.
- 00:15:36.090 --> 00:15:37.240
- So they sail up the river and they say, you know,
- 00:15:37.240 --> 00:15:40.090
- our leader right now is King James.
- 00:15:40.090 --> 00:15:42.290
- Let's name this river after him.
- 00:15:42.290 --> 00:15:44.170
- So this is the James River.
- 00:15:44.170 --> 00:15:46.080
- They find a place here that they want to build their homes.
- 00:15:46.080 --> 00:15:50.010
- Let's call this a town for him, so this is Jamestown,
- 00:15:50.010 --> 00:15:52.280
- named after him, and that's how
- 00:15:52.280 --> 00:15:54.240
- this first colony gets started.
- 00:15:54.240 --> 00:15:56.200
- So Captain Smith actually wants to discover and explore
- 00:15:56.200 --> 00:15:59.150
- more of the territory, so he leads an expedition
- 00:15:59.150 --> 00:16:02.070
- with several men, and they go to explore and they come up
- 00:16:02.070 --> 00:16:04.240
- on an Indian hunting party.
- 00:16:04.240 --> 00:16:06.110
- - Well, the Indian hunting party,
- 00:16:06.110 --> 00:16:07.190
- there's actually a conflict.
- 00:16:07.190 --> 00:16:09.080
- The men are captured and so the Indians take them back
- 00:16:09.080 --> 00:16:12.040
- to the village.
- 00:16:12.040 --> 00:16:13.180
- All the men are killed except Captain John Smith.
- 00:16:13.180 --> 00:16:15.220
- So they roll these large stones, and actually, he records
- 00:16:15.220 --> 00:16:19.180
- that on one of the large stones they made him lean over,
- 00:16:19.180 --> 00:16:22.080
- they put his head on the stone, they brought out
- 00:16:22.080 --> 00:16:23.250
- a second stone, and they were going to crush his skull.
- 00:16:23.250 --> 00:16:26.070
- At this time, there was a young Indian girl who ran over,
- 00:16:26.070 --> 00:16:29.040
- and she laid her head on top of his head so that his head
- 00:16:29.040 --> 00:16:32.210
- would not be crushed by the stones.
- 00:16:32.210 --> 00:16:34.270
- That young Indian girl was Pocahontas.
- 00:16:34.270 --> 00:16:36.190
- Pocahontas saved his life.
- 00:16:36.190 --> 00:16:38.110
- - And by the way, at that time, she's about 11 years old,
- 00:16:38.110 --> 00:16:41.120
- somewhere in that 11 to 12 range.
- 00:16:41.120 --> 00:16:43.160
- And she's not just any young Indian girl, she's actually
- 00:16:43.160 --> 00:16:47.050
- the favorite daughter of the Chief of the tribe.
- 00:16:47.050 --> 00:16:50.180
- So not only does she save a life, the King,
- 00:16:50.180 --> 00:16:53.240
- because it's his favorite daughter, says, okay,
- 00:16:53.240 --> 00:16:56.050
- let's adopt you into the tribe.
- 00:16:56.050 --> 00:16:57.270
- It essentially creates an early peace treaty.
- 00:16:57.270 --> 00:17:01.010
- - So he gets to come back to where his men are,
- 00:17:01.010 --> 00:17:03.090
- but when he comes back, he realizes they're actually
- 00:17:03.090 --> 00:17:06.030
- really short on rations and food and they're not going
- 00:17:06.030 --> 00:17:08.100
- to survive without some help.
- 00:17:08.100 --> 00:17:09.260
- - And actually, they shouldn't have been running
- 00:17:09.260 --> 00:17:11.190
- short on food.
- 00:17:11.190 --> 00:17:12.270
- They got here in that April, May timeframe,
- 00:17:12.270 --> 00:17:14.160
- which gave them plenty of time to be able to plant crops,
- 00:17:14.160 --> 00:17:17.050
- and harvest, and hunt and fish, and do all this stuff
- 00:17:17.050 --> 00:17:19.240
- they needed, but we find out these guys don't like
- 00:17:19.240 --> 00:17:22.080
- hard work very much.
- 00:17:22.080 --> 00:17:23.220
- And, low and behold, a solution arrives, and it's Pocahontas
- 00:17:23.220 --> 00:17:27.220
- bringing food from Powhatan being brought by Indian braves.
- 00:17:27.220 --> 00:17:31.220
- They come and share their food with the settlers here
- 00:17:31.220 --> 00:17:33.290
- and that gets them through that very tough first winter.
- 00:17:33.290 --> 00:17:36.020
- - They actually had pretty good relations.
- 00:17:36.020 --> 00:17:37.100
- Pocahontas was largely responsible,
- 00:17:37.100 --> 00:17:39.130
- at least Captain John Smith says that she's the one
- 00:17:39.130 --> 00:17:41.230
- we really credit for this.
- 00:17:41.230 --> 00:17:43.030
- So every time that they needed help,
- 00:17:43.030 --> 00:17:44.210
- they could go to the Indians.
- 00:17:44.210 --> 00:17:46.060
- The Indians would send help, and every time a messenger
- 00:17:46.060 --> 00:17:48.210
- came, a delegation came, food came from the Indians,
- 00:17:48.210 --> 00:17:50.200
- Pocahontas was always with the delegation.
- 00:17:50.200 --> 00:17:53.020
- It's okay to ask for help once, but what happened is
- 00:17:53.020 --> 00:17:57.010
- they realized that these guys, these Indians,
- 00:17:57.010 --> 00:18:00.080
- they're pretty good at getting food.
- 00:18:00.080 --> 00:18:01.260
- We're not very good at getting food.
- 00:18:01.260 --> 00:18:03.050
- Let's just let them take care of us.
- 00:18:03.050 --> 00:18:05.090
- The problem was, the following summer, there was a drought
- 00:18:05.090 --> 00:18:07.110
- on the Indian land.
- 00:18:07.110 --> 00:18:08.220
- The Indians weren't able to have as much food,
- 00:18:08.220 --> 00:18:10.120
- and so when the Jamestown settlers and commoners
- 00:18:10.120 --> 00:18:13.080
- were going back saying, we want food, the Indians say,
- 00:18:13.080 --> 00:18:15.040
- we really don't have food to give you this time.
- 00:18:15.040 --> 00:18:17.020
- Well, that caused some friction because in this socially
- 00:18:17.020 --> 00:18:20.070
- lazy mindset that these early colonists had, they thought,
- 00:18:20.070 --> 00:18:22.040
- no you owe us food.
- 00:18:22.040 --> 00:18:23.210
- So when the Indians told them, we don't have food
- 00:18:23.210 --> 00:18:25.080
- to give you, they got very upset.
- 00:18:25.080 --> 00:18:26.240
- Well, that started a lot of friction between the Indians
- 00:18:26.240 --> 00:18:29.060
- and the settlers, and actually the friction wasn't resolved
- 00:18:29.060 --> 00:18:32.050
- quickly or very well.
- 00:18:32.050 --> 00:18:33.250
- One of the early governors decided that we need to change
- 00:18:33.250 --> 00:18:36.020
- the way we do things, because it's not working.
- 00:18:36.020 --> 00:18:37.190
- - Well, one of the easy ways to get food is go get it.
- 00:18:37.190 --> 00:18:41.040
- Go work for it.
- 00:18:41.040 --> 00:18:42.170
- These guys were so bad that in that second winter,
- 00:18:42.170 --> 00:18:45.010
- they went through into what they call the starving time.
- 00:18:45.010 --> 00:18:47.280
- And in the starving time, out of 214 colonists
- 00:18:47.280 --> 00:18:51.010
- that were here, they all starved to death, except 60,
- 00:18:51.010 --> 00:18:54.180
- because they would not work.
- 00:18:54.180 --> 00:18:56.240
- And that's when Captain John Smith says,
- 00:18:56.240 --> 00:18:59.090
- got a good Bible verse for you guys.
- 00:18:59.090 --> 00:19:01.120
- The Bible says, if you don't work, you don't eat.
- 00:19:01.120 --> 00:19:04.160
- Well, that was what they implemented as a policy,
- 00:19:04.160 --> 00:19:06.130
- but these guys really didn't like that.
- 00:19:06.130 --> 00:19:08.060
- They fought that.
- 00:19:08.060 --> 00:19:09.040
- They'd oppose that.
- 00:19:09.040 --> 00:19:10.170
- So in 1608, John Smith actually writes a narrative
- 00:19:10.170 --> 00:19:13.220
- of what's going on here, and that's where we get a lot
- 00:19:13.220 --> 00:19:15.230
- of the records to know what happened.
- 00:19:15.230 --> 00:19:17.090
- John Smith is trying to do some of the right things,
- 00:19:17.090 --> 00:19:19.080
- to get these guys to work, and get them to provide
- 00:19:19.080 --> 00:19:21.160
- their own living.
- 00:19:21.160 --> 00:19:23.010
- And so now there's a lot of tensions with the Indians,
- 00:19:23.010 --> 00:19:25.060
- because they're demanding this stuff, and there's a lot
- 00:19:25.060 --> 00:19:27.040
- of tensions with these guys that he's trying to kick
- 00:19:27.040 --> 00:19:29.080
- into gear and get them to do something.
- 00:19:29.080 --> 00:19:31.060
- A mysterious explosion happens, and he gets blown up
- 00:19:31.060 --> 00:19:35.130
- with some gun powder, could've been accidental.
- 00:19:35.130 --> 00:19:37.140
- A lot think it was because these guys wanted him gone,
- 00:19:37.140 --> 00:19:40.110
- because he's trying to make them do something they didn't
- 00:19:40.110 --> 00:19:41.290
- want to do.
- 00:19:41.290 --> 00:19:43.130
- So John Smith ends up leaving and going back to England
- 00:19:43.130 --> 00:19:46.210
- for medical care.
- 00:19:46.210 --> 00:19:48.050
- And that's the last time Pocahontas came into Jamestown
- 00:19:48.050 --> 00:19:51.070
- for a number of years.
- 00:19:51.070 --> 00:19:52.210
- And that actually escalates into a war.
- 00:19:52.210 --> 00:19:55.060
- In 1609, there was a war called the Anglo-Powhatan War.
- 00:19:55.060 --> 00:19:58.230
- Powhatan was the general tribe of Indians,
- 00:19:58.230 --> 00:20:01.180
- and that went for the next five years.
- 00:20:01.180 --> 00:20:03.110
- - In the midst of the conflict, this war that's been
- 00:20:03.110 --> 00:20:05.000
- going on for these several years, they've lost several men,
- 00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:08.180
- but not only have men been killed, there've been a lot
- 00:20:08.180 --> 00:20:11.040
- of people that have been captured.
- 00:20:11.040 --> 00:20:12.120
- The governor at the time is trying to figure out
- 00:20:12.120 --> 00:20:13.270
- what can we do to help get our men, our supplies back.
- 00:20:13.270 --> 00:20:17.150
- And so he comes up with this idea of Pocahontas has always
- 00:20:17.150 --> 00:20:20.240
- been a friend to us.
- 00:20:20.240 --> 00:20:22.100
- They go to the Chief, and they explain to the Chief
- 00:20:22.100 --> 00:20:24.240
- that we want you to bring Pocahontas,
- 00:20:24.240 --> 00:20:27.120
- and we will have good relations with you.
- 00:20:27.120 --> 00:20:29.280
- We'll give you stuff, and if you don't,
- 00:20:29.280 --> 00:20:31.110
- it might mean war with you.
- 00:20:31.110 --> 00:20:32.240
- And so, there was some coercion involved in this scenario,
- 00:20:32.240 --> 00:20:35.080
- but the Chief agrees.
- 00:20:35.080 --> 00:20:36.150
- So the Chief and the wife bring Pocahontas
- 00:20:36.150 --> 00:20:38.170
- over to Jamestown.
- 00:20:38.170 --> 00:20:40.210
- They actually get her to board a ship.
- 00:20:40.210 --> 00:20:42.230
- The governor at the time says, no,
- 00:20:42.230 --> 00:20:44.070
- we just want to give you a feast.
- 00:20:44.070 --> 00:20:45.150
- We want to honor you.
- 00:20:45.150 --> 00:20:46.100
- We want to feed you.
- 00:20:46.100 --> 00:20:47.230
- Kind of builds up this scenario.
- 00:20:47.230 --> 00:20:49.140
- Well, at the end of the dinner, he tells the Chief
- 00:20:49.140 --> 00:20:52.010
- and the wife, you are free to go, but Pocahontas,
- 00:20:52.010 --> 00:20:54.260
- you're going to stay with us until your father releases
- 00:20:54.260 --> 00:20:57.280
- all the prisoners, until he gives us back our stuff.
- 00:20:57.280 --> 00:21:00.120
- So she was kidnapped at that point.
- 00:21:00.120 --> 00:21:03.100
- - And as they hold her here in Jamestown and she's living
- 00:21:03.100 --> 00:21:05.140
- among the English, there really are some good
- 00:21:05.140 --> 00:21:07.030
- English folks here.
- 00:21:07.030 --> 00:21:08.180
- She gets introduced to the Reverend Alexander Whittaker,
- 00:21:08.180 --> 00:21:10.200
- who pastors the church right here beside us.
- 00:21:10.200 --> 00:21:13.020
- He starts teaching her English and helps her learn to read.
- 00:21:13.020 --> 00:21:16.080
- She takes the Bible and learns to read from the Bible,
- 00:21:16.080 --> 00:21:19.100
- learns about Christianity and the Christian faith,
- 00:21:19.100 --> 00:21:21.170
- and meets a guy named John Rolfe.
- 00:21:21.170 --> 00:21:23.220
- - And remember, she is the favorite daughter of the Chief,
- 00:21:23.220 --> 00:21:26.070
- who is the big chief of the tribe, and this time she's
- 00:21:26.070 --> 00:21:30.020
- eligible for marriage.
- 00:21:30.020 --> 00:21:31.170
- And John Rolfe lost his family when they came over
- 00:21:31.170 --> 00:21:34.060
- on the ship, his children and wife died, and he's a widower.
- 00:21:34.060 --> 00:21:36.230
- The two fall in love.
- 00:21:36.230 --> 00:21:38.270
- Actually gets her father's blessing.
- 00:21:38.270 --> 00:21:40.120
- The father sends several members of the tribe to go
- 00:21:40.120 --> 00:21:43.050
- be part of the wedding ceremony.
- 00:21:43.050 --> 00:21:45.080
- So she actually ends up marrying John Rolfe,
- 00:21:45.080 --> 00:21:47.230
- and before she marries John Rolfe, converts to Christianity
- 00:21:47.230 --> 00:21:50.220
- because at that time, here in the Colonies,
- 00:21:50.220 --> 00:21:53.170
- they wouldn't let somebody as a Christian marry somebody
- 00:21:53.170 --> 00:21:55.150
- who wasn't a Christian.
- 00:21:55.150 --> 00:21:56.290
- There's a very famous painting hanging in the US Capitol
- 00:21:56.290 --> 00:21:58.190
- of her baptism, and it actually kind of depicts that moment
- 00:21:58.190 --> 00:22:01.210
- when she is officially converted to Christianity.
- 00:22:01.210 --> 00:22:04.050
- She actually then has the name Rebecca for the rest
- 00:22:04.050 --> 00:22:06.230
- of her life, when she's introduced to the English court.
- 00:22:06.230 --> 00:22:08.250
- And then they live here rather happily
- 00:22:08.250 --> 00:22:11.010
- for the next several years.
- 00:22:11.010 --> 00:22:12.150
- - With that marriage, it brought about what they call
- 00:22:12.150 --> 00:22:15.030
- the peace of Pocahontas.
- 00:22:15.030 --> 00:22:17.000
- With that marriage, the war ended.
- 00:22:17.000 --> 00:22:19.040
- And so John Rolfe and Pocahontas live here,
- 00:22:19.040 --> 00:22:22.150
- and the next year they have a child.
- 00:22:22.150 --> 00:22:24.070
- His name was Thomas.
- 00:22:24.070 --> 00:22:25.220
- And the next year, they've been married two years,
- 00:22:25.220 --> 00:22:27.290
- John Rolfe says, let's go back to England.
- 00:22:27.290 --> 00:22:30.120
- While they're in England, they actually get introduced
- 00:22:30.120 --> 00:22:33.070
- to King James and Queen Anne.
- 00:22:33.070 --> 00:22:35.120
- They're taken to the Royal Court, and there at the
- 00:22:35.120 --> 00:22:37.290
- Royal Court, and there's great pictures done in 1616
- 00:22:37.290 --> 00:22:40.150
- actually showing her in her royal attire and royal garb
- 00:22:40.150 --> 00:22:44.270
- there at the Royal Court.
- 00:22:44.270 --> 00:22:46.270
- They get ready to come back to America.
- 00:22:46.270 --> 00:22:48.280
- As they come back, she gets sick just as
- 00:22:48.280 --> 00:22:51.030
- they're leaving England.
- 00:22:51.030 --> 00:22:52.100
- So they go ashore.
- 00:22:52.100 --> 00:22:53.170
- She ends up dying in England and is buried
- 00:22:53.170 --> 00:22:55.280
- in a church yard there.
- 00:22:55.280 --> 00:22:57.180
- But John came back with young Thomas.
- 00:22:57.180 --> 00:23:00.130
- And Thomas grew up here.
- 00:23:00.130 --> 00:23:01.280
- So to this day, the descendants of Pocahontas still live,
- 00:23:01.280 --> 00:23:05.060
- even though she died at a very young age.
- 00:23:05.060 --> 00:23:07.160
- She was about 21 at the time, 21, 22.
- 00:23:07.160 --> 00:23:10.200
- She started something that has gone on and produced
- 00:23:10.200 --> 00:23:13.110
- great leaders across America.
- 00:23:13.110 --> 00:23:15.030
- Had it not been for Pocahontas, there would've been
- 00:23:15.030 --> 00:23:18.000
- no permanent Jamestown Colony.
- 00:23:18.000 --> 00:23:19.260
- She saved not only John Smith, but she saved the colony.
- 00:23:19.260 --> 00:23:23.130
- And so it's because of Pocahontas that we have the first
- 00:23:23.130 --> 00:23:25.220
- permanent English colony in America.
- 00:23:25.220 --> 00:23:27.180
- - And there have been dozens of movies
- 00:23:27.180 --> 00:23:28.250
- that have been done about Pocahontas.
- 00:23:28.250 --> 00:23:30.090
- Her story's been told countless times, although,
- 00:23:30.090 --> 00:23:32.270
- very few times has it been from a historical standpoint.
- 00:23:32.270 --> 00:23:36.030
- Most people have heard the name Pocahontas, but few know
- 00:23:36.030 --> 00:23:39.000
- her story and how much she's responsible for so much success
- 00:23:39.000 --> 00:23:42.150
- of the Jamestown Colony, and even Virginia as a whole.
- 00:23:42.150 --> 00:23:45.180
- Even though we might know her name, we don't know very much
- 00:23:45.180 --> 00:23:48.290
- of this hero of hidden history.
- 00:23:48.290 --> 00:23:51.000
- (jazzy music)
- 00:23:52.060 --> 00:23:54.210
- - So I'm here at the Wallbuilders Collection,
- 00:23:57.030 --> 00:23:58.160
- going through the archives, finding some artifacts
- 00:23:58.160 --> 00:24:00.180
- about the life of Pocahontas.
- 00:24:00.180 --> 00:24:02.150
- I've got one right here.
- 00:24:02.150 --> 00:24:04.010
- This is an early engraving of Pocahontas interposing
- 00:24:04.010 --> 00:24:07.040
- and saving the life of Captain Smith.
- 00:24:07.040 --> 00:24:09.170
- So as we look, we see Smith right there.
- 00:24:09.170 --> 00:24:11.090
- And what's really cool about this, is that they would've
- 00:24:11.090 --> 00:24:13.130
- printed this as an engraving and then somebody afterwards
- 00:24:13.130 --> 00:24:16.220
- went in by hand and hand colored it and painted on top
- 00:24:16.220 --> 00:24:20.030
- of the engraving.
- 00:24:20.030 --> 00:24:21.100
- But what I also have is the government records
- 00:24:21.100 --> 00:24:24.070
- of the painting of Pocahontas, the baptism of Pocahontas
- 00:24:24.070 --> 00:24:27.220
- up in the capitol.
- 00:24:27.220 --> 00:24:29.000
- And actually, one of his quotes are here
- 00:24:29.000 --> 00:24:30.220
- in the book about Pocahontas.
- 00:24:30.220 --> 00:24:33.060
- Reverend Whittaker says, "She openly renounced her country
- 00:24:33.060 --> 00:24:35.220
- "idolatry, professed the faith of Jesus Christ,
- 00:24:35.220 --> 00:24:38.140
- "and was baptized."
- 00:24:38.140 --> 00:24:39.280
- And it's also got a quote here by Captain Smith.
- 00:24:39.280 --> 00:24:41.290
- He goes on to say that she was "the first Christian ever
- 00:24:41.290 --> 00:24:45.050
- "of that nation."
- 00:24:45.050 --> 00:24:46.190
- I think it's amazing that somebody like Pocahontas today
- 00:24:46.190 --> 00:24:49.220
- and the capital of America is considered so important,
- 00:24:49.220 --> 00:24:52.190
- so monumental that we respect her by having
- 00:24:52.190 --> 00:24:54.250
- a massive painting, documenting this monumental moment
- 00:24:54.250 --> 00:24:58.060
- in her life.
- 00:24:58.060 --> 00:24:59.250
- (gentle music)
- 00:24:59.250 --> 00:25:02.150
- - What I like about the story of Pocahontas and Squanto,
- 00:25:05.010 --> 00:25:08.020
- is they really kind of break the mold of the way that
- 00:25:08.020 --> 00:25:10.130
- so many people go at history today.
- 00:25:10.130 --> 00:25:12.000
- That the group you're from is more important
- 00:25:12.000 --> 00:25:13.220
- than the individual.
- 00:25:13.220 --> 00:25:14.290
- But what we know from all the stories we cover
- 00:25:14.290 --> 00:25:17.060
- at the America's Hidden History, individuals are
- 00:25:17.060 --> 00:25:19.000
- more important than groups.
- 00:25:19.000 --> 00:25:20.110
- And individuals don't necessarily fit
- 00:25:20.110 --> 00:25:22.040
- the profiles of groups.
- 00:25:22.040 --> 00:25:23.130
- It's very different sometimes.
- 00:25:23.130 --> 00:25:24.280
- - Well, and even to say individuals are more important
- 00:25:24.280 --> 00:25:26.110
- than groups, individual stories take precedence sometimes
- 00:25:26.110 --> 00:25:29.100
- to a group generalization
- 00:25:29.100 --> 00:25:30.230
- - That's right. - Or dynamic.
- 00:25:30.230 --> 00:25:32.040
- Looking at America and thinking that America's a story
- 00:25:32.040 --> 00:25:33.270
- of white people coming in from Europe is a really
- 00:25:33.270 --> 00:25:36.030
- incomplete picture, because had it not been for Pocahontas,
- 00:25:36.030 --> 00:25:40.090
- Jamestown would not have been Jamestown.
- 00:25:40.090 --> 00:25:42.110
- Had it not been for Squanto, the Wampanoag Indians,
- 00:25:42.110 --> 00:25:45.150
- Plymouth would not have been Plymouth,
- 00:25:45.150 --> 00:25:46.290
- and this is where you cannot fully tell the story of America
- 00:25:46.290 --> 00:25:49.230
- without recognizing some of these heroes who oftentimes
- 00:25:49.230 --> 00:25:53.280
- looking at the group, we have Native Americans in this image
- 00:25:53.280 --> 00:25:56.100
- of well, they were farmers, or they were friendly,
- 00:25:56.100 --> 00:25:59.040
- or they were warriors and they were conquerors
- 00:25:59.040 --> 00:26:02.120
- and they were vicious.
- 00:26:02.120 --> 00:26:03.200
- We talk about it at Thanksgiving, right?
- 00:26:03.200 --> 00:26:05.060
- We remember the Pilgrims and the Indians, but there were
- 00:26:05.060 --> 00:26:07.250
- specific Indians to your point.
- 00:26:07.250 --> 00:26:09.190
- It's the story of specific individuals.
- 00:26:09.190 --> 00:26:12.000
- - Yeah, and this is a great lesson that generalizations
- 00:26:12.000 --> 00:26:15.070
- of history, which is what we so often focus on today,
- 00:26:15.070 --> 00:26:18.080
- are not always accurate.
- 00:26:18.080 --> 00:26:19.230
- And Squanto and Pocahontas make that really clear.
- 00:26:19.230 --> 00:26:23.200
- (dramatic music)
- 00:26:23.200 --> 00:26:26.130
- - [Announcer] We hope you're enjoying TBN's exclusive series
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- America's Hidden History.
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- whom God used in extraordinary ways to shape our nation.
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