America's Hidden History | Memorial Day
May 28, 2018
57:31
America's Hidden History
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America's Hidden History | Memorial Day
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- WELCOME TO AMERICA'S HIDDEN HISTORY WHERE WE
- 00:00:01.290 --> 00:00:03.070
- UNCOVER EVENTS AND THE PEOPLE WHO SHAPED THEM.
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- TODAY'S EPISODE CENTERS AROUND MEMORIAL DAY AND
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- HONORING THE LIVES OF THOSE THAT WERE
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- SACRIFICED IN AMERICAN WARS.
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- WE'LL INTRODUCE TO YOU TODAY TWO MEN WHOSE
- 00:00:12.130 --> 00:00:14.060
- SURVIVAL STORIES READ KIND OF LIKE AN EPIC FILM
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- AND OTHER STORIES FILLED WITH SACRIFICE
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- AND SELFLESSNESS.
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- THIS IS AMERICA'S HIDDEN HISTORY.
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- [MUSIC]
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- - MODERN HISTORIANS HAVE REVISED, REWRITTEN AND
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- EVEN DELETED ENTIRE CHAPTERS OF AMERICAN HISTORY.
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- SO WHAT ARE WE MISSING?
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- WHAT HAPPENED TO THE HISTORY THAT DIDN'T MAKE
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- THE BOOKS?
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- JOIN HISTORIAN DAVID BARTON, TIM BARTON, AND
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- SPECIAL GUESTS AS THEY UNCOVER THE FACTS SOME
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- HISTORIANS DON'T WANT YOU TO KNOW.
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- THIS IS AMERICA'S HIDDEN HISTORY.
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- [MUSIC]
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- - HELLO AND WELCOME TO THE SHOW.
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- TODAY'S SHOW IS COVERING MEMORIAL DAY, AND
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- ACTUALLY IN OUR AUDIENCE WE HAVE MANY MEMBERS OF
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- THE MILITARY, RETIRED MILITARY, AND SOME FAMILY
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- MEMBERS WHO LOST LOVED ONES.
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- AND TO DATE, ABOUT
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- 1.2 MILLION AMERICANS HAVE GIVEN THEIR LIFE FOR THE
- 00:01:04.110 --> 00:01:06.010
- CAUSE OF FREEDOM SO THAT YOU AND I CAN ENJOY ALL
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- THE FREEDOMS AND LIBERTIES WE HAVE HERE
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- IN AMERICA.
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- MEMORIAL DAY ACTUALLY HAS ITS ROOTS TRACING BACK
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- JUST AFTER THE CIVIL WAR, ARLINGTON NATIONAL
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- CEMETERY IS WHERE IT REALLY BEGAN.
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- JUST STONE'S SHOW AWAY FROM ARLINGTON NATIONAL
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- CEMETERY IS THE PENTAGON IS IRONICALLY IS THE
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- SETTING WHEREON SEPTEMBER 11 ONE OF THE MOST
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- HORRIFIC EVENTS EVER ON US SOIL HAPPENED WHERE A
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- PLANE WENT AND CRASHED INTO THE PENTAGON.
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- WELL, WE HAVE WITH US ON THE SHOW TODAY A SURVIVOR
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- FROM THAT ATTACK.
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- HE'S CURRENTLY A TEXAS STATE SENATOR BUT HE'S
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- RETIRED LIEUTENANT FROM THE ARMY, BRIAN BIRDWELL.
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- BRIAN, WE ARE PLEASED TO HAVE YOU WITH US ON THE
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- SHOW TODAY.
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- THANKS FOR BEING WITH US.
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- [ APPLAUSE ]
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- - BRIAN BIRDWELL: THANK YOU.
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- THANK YOU.
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- - NOW, BRIAN, YOU HAVE CERTAINLY A LONG
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- MILITARY CAREER.
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- I REMEMBER I WAS IN COLLEGE WHEN 911
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- HAPPENED, BUT FOR YOU THIS IS EVEN A LITTLE
- 00:01:53.050 --> 00:01:56.020
- MORE SIGNIFICANT CONSIDERING WHERE YOU
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- WERE WHEN THIS HAPPENED.
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- WOULD YOU TELL US SOME OF YOUR STORY?
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- - SURE.
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- BE MORE THAN PLEASED TO DO SO.
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- WE'D WATCHED EVENTS UNFOLD UP IN NEW YORK,
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- KNEW THAT THIS WAS A SIGNIFICANT DAY IN OUR
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- NATION'S LIFE.
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- THERE WAS NO THOUGHT THAT WE WERE NEXT, BUT WE WERE
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- DOING EXACTLY WHAT EVERYBODY ELSE AROUND THE
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- COUNTRY WAS DOING IS JUST WATCHING THE TV COVERAGE.
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- PHONES WERE QUIET.
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- I'D HAD MY MORNING COKE THAT MORNING AT
- 00:02:19.260 --> 00:02:21.140
- ABOUT 7 O'CLOCK.
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- ABOUT 9:35 I TOLD SANDY AND CHERYL I WAS GOING TO
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- STEP OUT AND GO TO THE MEN'S RESTROOM.
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- WHEN I DID, I WALKED THROUGH THE CRASH SITE
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- WHICH IS AGAIN WHERE THE PLANE WOULD MAKE IMPACT,
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- WENT THROUGH THAT, TURNED LEFT 4TH QUARTER TO GO TO
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- THE MEN'S RESTROOM, TAKE CARE OF BUSINESS, CAME
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- OUT, ABOUT 7 OR 8 STEPS, AND I'M ABOUT TO TURN
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- RIGHT BACK INTO WHAT CRUMBLES WHEN FLIGHT
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- 77 MAKES IMPACT.
- 00:02:44.040 --> 00:02:45.220
- SO I'M 15 TO 20 YARDS FROM WHERE THE NOSE OF
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- THAT AIRCRAFT MAKES PENETRATION OF THE BUILDING.
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- I SHOULD NOT HAVE SURVIVED THE INITIAL
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- IMPACT, YOU COULD NOT HEAR THE PLANE COMING
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- BECAUSE ONE, THE PENTAGON IS HUGE, BUT I HEARD THE
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- IMPACT, THOUGHT BOMB IN THAT NANO SECOND THAT I'M
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- TAKING MY NEXT STEP RETURNING BACK TO THE
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- OFFICE, AND THEN THE NEXT NANO SECOND I'M TOSSED
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- AROUND LIKE A RAG DOLL, SET ABLAZE.
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- AND I GO FROM A WELL LIT HALLWAY IN CHARGE OF MY
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- FACULTIES AND MY SURROUNDINGS TO AN
- 00:03:14.170 --> 00:03:16.250
- EARTHLY HELL OF FIRE AND CHOKING BLACK SMOKE.
- 00:03:16.270 --> 00:03:19.060
- - HOW WERE YOU BURNED?
- 00:03:19.080 --> 00:03:21.070
- WHAT WAS IT THAT CAUSED YOU TO CATCH FIRE IN
- 00:03:21.090 --> 00:03:23.040
- THIS CASE MAYBE?
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- - THE 757 EVEN THOUGH THE HIJACKERS HAD FLOWN
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- IT OUT, TOOK CONTROL OF IT SOMEWHERE OVER WEST
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- VIRGINIA, IT STILL HAD OVER 3.000 GALLONS STILL
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- IN IT WHEN IT MAKES IMPACT.
- 00:03:32.200 --> 00:03:34.270
- 757 HOLDS ABOUT 5.000 GALLONS.
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- IT'S GOT ABOUT 3.000 STILL IN IT WHEN IT
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- MAKES IMPACT.
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- SO THE JET FUEL IGNITES, I'M SET ABLAZE.
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- YOU'VE GOT AN 80 TON BOMB THAT'S MADE PENETRATION
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- OF THE BUILDING.
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- IT MAKES IMPACT AT 530 MILES AN HOUR.
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- AND IN THOSE MOMENTS THE PANIC THAT GRIPS YOUR
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- HEART WHEN YOU REALIZE YOU'RE DYING THAT DEATH
- 00:03:57.180 --> 00:04:00.170
- AND THERE'S NO WAY TO ESCAPE IT, THAT IS FAR
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- MORE AGONIZING THAN THE PHYSICAL PAIN OF ACTUALLY
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- BEING BURNED.
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- I THOUGHT ABOUT MEL AND MATT THAT MORNING AND HOW I'D SAID
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- GOODBYE THAT MORNING, AND THAT THE NEXT TIME I'D
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- GET TO SPEAK WITH THEM OR SEE THEM WOULD BE
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- IN ETERNITY.
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- - MEL IS YOUR WIFE?
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- - MEL IS MY WIFE.
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- MY COMMANDING GENERAL.
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- [ LAUGHTER ]
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- OUR SON MATT WAS 12 AT THE TIME.
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- THERE ARE A NUMBER OF PEOPLE AND PLACES THAT
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- THE LORD BROUGHT INTO MY LIFE THAT HIS SOVEREIGNTY
- 00:04:28.250 --> 00:04:33.100
- IS WHAT ALLOWED ME TO LIVE.
- 00:04:33.120 --> 00:04:35.060
- I MEAN, IT'S SOMETHING OF A HUMOROUS STORY
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- PARTICULARLY WITH THE VETERANS THAT ARE IN THE
- 00:04:37.230 --> 00:04:41.080
- AUDIENCE THAT MAY HAVE A PURPLE HEART AS WELL.
- 00:04:41.100 --> 00:04:43.170
- WHEN PEOPLE ASK, WHAT WERE YOU DOING WHEN YOU
- 00:04:43.190 --> 00:04:46.030
- GOT YOUR PURPLE HEART, YOU KNOW, I WAS COMING
- 00:04:46.050 --> 00:04:48.090
- OUT OF THE MEN'S RESTROOM, YOU KNOW.
- 00:04:48.110 --> 00:04:49.220
- THAT'S JUST NOT VERY SEXY WITH GUYS THAT HAVE
- 00:04:49.240 --> 00:04:51.170
- CLEARED BUILDINGS IN FALUSIA.
- 00:04:51.190 --> 00:04:53.130
- [ LAUGHTER ]
- 00:04:53.150 --> 00:04:55.000
- - HEARING YOUR STORY, RIGHT, KNOWING SOME
- 00:04:55.020 --> 00:04:57.150
- DETAILS BEHIND IT THAT YOUR NAME SHOULD BE ON A
- 00:04:57.170 --> 00:05:00.200
- WALL LIKE SO MANY OTHERS.
- 00:05:00.220 --> 00:05:02.160
- - YEAH.
- 00:05:02.180 --> 00:05:03.170
- THE PENTAGON MEMORIAL.
- 00:05:03.190 --> 00:05:04.190
- YEAH.
- 00:05:04.210 --> 00:05:05.280
- THERE'S THREE THAT I KNOW.
- 00:05:06.000 --> 00:05:09.020
- HOW GOD'S KEPT YOU YOUR CAALIVE FOR A PURPOSE?AT,
- 00:05:09.040 --> 00:05:14.020
- - YEAH, IT WAS THE LORD PUTTING THE RIGHT PEOPLE
- 00:05:14.040 --> 00:05:17.220
- IN THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME WITH THE RIGHT
- 00:05:17.240 --> 00:05:19.240
- SOMETIMES EQUIPMENT.
- 00:05:19.260 --> 00:05:21.150
- I WOULD GIVE JUST A COUPLE OF EXAMPLES.
- 00:05:21.170 --> 00:05:25.170
- IN THE BUILDING THERE WERE FOUR MEN, BILL
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- MCKENNON, ROY WALLACE, JOHN DAVIES, AND CHUCK
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- KNOBLAUCH THAT COME OUT THE B-RING DOORS.
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- HAD THEY NOT COME OUT OF THAT AREA AND GRABBED ME
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- WHICH WAS IN ITSELF AGONIZING, THEN WHEN THEY
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- TAKE ME THROUGH THE B-RING DOOR INTO AN A-RING
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- ACCESS DOOR AREA TO WHAT WOULD ESSENTIALLY BE A
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- HASTY TRIAGE SITE, AN AIR FORCE DOCTOR NAMED JOHN BAXTER
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- WAS EVACUATING THE BUILDING, HAD US GO BACK
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- WITH HIM.
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- THERE'S A WONDERFUL LADY FROM THE NAVY, NATALIE
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- OGLETREE THAT WILL KNEEL DOWN BESIDE ME AND JUST
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- SAY THE LORD'S PRAYER, THE 23RD PSALM WITH ME.
- 00:06:00.160 --> 00:06:02.090
- SHE'LL SAY THE 91ST PSALM OVER ME.
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- DOCTOR BAXTER WILL TAKE MY SHOES OFF AND THE REMNANT
- 00:06:05.000 --> 00:06:08.290
- OF THE SOCKS LEFT UNDERNEATH THE LEATHER
- 00:06:09.010 --> 00:06:11.110
- SHOES BECAUSE EVERYTHING ABOVE THAT IS MOSTLY
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- BURNED AWAY.
- 00:06:14.080 --> 00:06:15.060
- MY LEATHER BELT IS STILL INTACT.
- 00:06:15.080 --> 00:06:17.060
- I'M EITHER COVERED IN BLOOD OR CHARRED.
- 00:06:17.080 --> 00:06:19.150
- HE'LL PUT THE MORPHINE IN THE RIGHT FOOT, THE IV IN
- 00:06:19.170 --> 00:06:22.000
- THE LEFT FOOT, EVENTUALLY TAKEN TO GEORGETOWN.
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- AND THIS IS THE ONE THAT IS MOST SEMINOLE
- 00:06:24.240 --> 00:06:27.210
- IS WHOSE AT GEORGETOWN.
- 00:06:27.230 --> 00:06:29.150
- WHEN I ARRIVE AT GEORGETOWN, NOTHING IS FLYING
- 00:06:29.170 --> 00:06:33.050
- AND WON'T FLY FOR A NUMBER OF HOURS.
- 00:06:33.070 --> 00:06:36.080
- WHEN I'M WHEELED INSIDE, THE ATTENDING PHYSICIAN
- 00:06:36.100 --> 00:06:39.190
- -- AND GEORGETOWN'S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IS
- 00:06:39.210 --> 00:06:41.130
- PRIMARILY A TEACHING HOSPITAL, BUT THE
- 00:06:41.150 --> 00:06:43.270
- ATTENDING PHYSICIAN IS DOCTOR MICHAEL WILLIAMS.
- 00:06:43.290 --> 00:06:46.090
- AND DOCTOR WILLIAMS BEFORE HIS ASSIGNMENT
- 00:06:46.110 --> 00:06:48.220
- THERE SPENT TWO YEARS IN A TRAUMA FELLOWSHIP OVER AT
- 00:06:48.240 --> 00:06:52.050
- THE WASHINGTON HOSPITAL CENTER UNDER THE
- 00:06:52.070 --> 00:06:54.170
- DIRECTION OF MARION JORDAN AND JAMES JANK,
- 00:06:54.190 --> 00:06:57.250
- MARION JORDAN THE DIRECTOR OF THE BURN
- 00:06:57.270 --> 00:06:59.150
- CENTER, AND DOCTOR JANK IS CHIEF DEPUTY AND CHIEF
- 00:06:59.170 --> 00:07:01.190
- OF RESEARCH.
- 00:07:01.210 --> 00:07:03.170
- SO FROM THE EMERGENCY ROOM PERSPECTIVE OF ALL
- 00:07:03.190 --> 00:07:05.290
- THE EMERGENCY ROOMS IN DC, ARLINGTON AND
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- FAIRFAX, WALTER REED AND THE LIKE, I'VE GOT THE
- 00:07:08.160 --> 00:07:12.240
- THIRD BEST BURN DOCTOR AVAILABLE TO ME.
- 00:07:12.260 --> 00:07:16.030
- AND THAT'S THE LORD'S PROVIDENTIAL HAND BECAUSE
- 00:07:16.050 --> 00:07:18.160
- NORMALLY IN A BURN CENTER OR IN AN EMERGENCY ROOM
- 00:07:18.180 --> 00:07:21.230
- IT'S AIRWAY, BREATHING, CIRCULATION, ONCE THOSE THREE
- 00:07:21.250 --> 00:07:25.130
- ARE STABILIZED YOU'RE EVACUATED TO
- 00:07:25.150 --> 00:07:27.210
- SPECIALIZED CARE.
- 00:07:27.230 --> 00:07:29.010
- BUT I'M NOT GOING ANYWHERE BECAUSE DC AS A
- 00:07:29.030 --> 00:07:33.100
- CITY IS BEING CLOSED.
- 00:07:33.120 --> 00:07:35.100
- NO MEDIVAC HELICOPTERS ARE GOING TO FLY UNTIL
- 00:07:35.120 --> 00:07:37.240
- ABOUT 5 O'CLOCK THAT AFTERNOON, SO DOCTOR
- 00:07:37.260 --> 00:07:40.140
- WILLIAMS AND -AND THEY EXPECT MORE CASUALTIES.
- 00:07:40.160 --> 00:07:44.070
- I'M THE ONLY ONE THAT ARRIVES.
- 00:07:44.090 --> 00:07:46.270
- I HAVE THAT ENTIRE HOSPITAL'S
- 00:07:46.290 --> 00:07:48.190
- UNDIVIDED ATTENTION.
- 00:07:48.210 --> 00:07:51.000
- AND SO DOCTOR WILLIAMS NOT ONLY DOES THE
- 00:07:51.020 --> 00:07:54.190
- EMERGENCY ROOM ASPECTS OF MY INJURIES, BUT HE ALSO
- 00:07:54.210 --> 00:07:59.240
- BEGINS THE VERY BRUTAL THINGS THAT HAVE TO BE
- 00:07:59.260 --> 00:08:01.240
- DONE BECAUSE HE LEARNED UNDER ONE OF THE BEST IN
- 00:08:01.260 --> 00:08:04.220
- THE WORLD AND CERTAINLY IN ANY VIEW THE BEST IN
- 00:08:04.240 --> 00:08:08.190
- THIS NATION, DOCTOR JORDAN, OF WHAT HAS TO BE
- 00:08:08.210 --> 00:08:11.250
- DONE TO THAT BURN SURVIVOR.
- 00:08:11.270 --> 00:08:13.270
- THAT EMERGENCY ROOM EXPERIENCE IS SOMETHING
- 00:08:13.290 --> 00:08:17.030
- THAT YOU WILL NEVER FORGET.
- 00:08:17.050 --> 00:08:19.060
- IT'S ONE OF THE MOST EMOTIONAL THINGS THAT
- 00:08:19.080 --> 00:08:21.240
- WHEN I RECALL IT GETTING WHEELED IN, AND MY EYES
- 00:08:21.260 --> 00:08:25.280
- ARE NEARLY CLOSED.
- 00:08:26.000 --> 00:08:27.140
- DOCTOR WILLIAMS COMES TO THE LEFT-HAND SIDE, AND I
- 00:08:27.160 --> 00:08:31.020
- CAN SEE IN HIS EYES THE NATURE OF HOW SERIOUS
- 00:08:31.040 --> 00:08:33.100
- THIS IS BECAUSE I KNEW THAT I COULD BE VERY WELL
- 00:08:33.120 --> 00:08:37.000
- SPEAKING MY LAST WORDS, AND I'D BEEN THINKING
- 00:08:37.020 --> 00:08:38.270
- ABOUT THAT ON THE DRIVE OVER IN THE BACK OF THAT
- 00:08:38.290 --> 00:08:42.080
- FORD, AND DOCTOR WILLIAMS SAYS, YOU KNOW, COLONEL
- 00:08:42.100 --> 00:08:46.170
- BIRDWELL, WE'RE GOING TO DO THE BEST THAT WE
- 00:08:46.190 --> 00:08:48.010
- POSSIBLY CAN FOR YOU.
- 00:08:48.030 --> 00:08:49.280
- AND THEY TALKED ABOUT CUTTING THE WEDDING RING
- 00:08:50.000 --> 00:08:51.210
- OFF, BUT I DIDN'T WANT IT CUT OFF.
- 00:08:51.230 --> 00:08:54.230
- SO WHEN I TURNED TO DOCTOR WILLIAMS AFTER HE
- 00:08:54.250 --> 00:08:56.110
- TELLS ME WHO HE IS AND WHAT HE'S GOING TO DO, I
- 00:08:56.130 --> 00:09:00.140
- TOLD HIM I WANTED TO TAKE THE WEDDING RING OFF AND
- 00:09:00.160 --> 00:09:03.070
- GIVE IT TO MEL AND TELL HER THAT I LOVED HER.
- 00:09:03.090 --> 00:09:05.120
- AND JUDITH ROGERS, ONE OF THE NURSES THAT HAD
- 00:09:05.140 --> 00:09:08.000
- ANSWERED ONE OF THE ALL HANDS ON DECK CALL,
- 00:09:08.020 --> 00:09:10.080
- JUDITH REACHES THE RING, AND THE BODY IS LIKE THAT
- 00:09:10.100 --> 00:09:13.120
- STEAK THAT YOU COOK ON THE GRILL, TENDER WHEN
- 00:09:13.140 --> 00:09:17.020
- IT COMES OFF BUT AS IT COOLS AND SITS THERE,
- 00:09:17.040 --> 00:09:20.280
- IT HARDENS.
- 00:09:21.000 --> 00:09:22.140
- AND THE BODY MELTS LONG BEFORE GOLD DOES, SO PART
- 00:09:22.160 --> 00:09:25.040
- OF THE FLESH OF THE FINGER HAD ADHERED
- 00:09:25.060 --> 00:09:29.050
- TO THE RING.
- 00:09:29.070 --> 00:09:30.290
- AND JUDITH GRABS IT WITH HER GLOVED HAND AND
- 00:09:31.010 --> 00:09:33.220
- GIVES IT A SLIGHT TUG, AND IT JUST -THE GLOVES,
- 00:09:33.240 --> 00:09:36.070
- THE FINGER, BLOOD BEGINS STREAMING OUT OF THE BASE
- 00:09:36.090 --> 00:09:39.030
- OF MY HAND.
- 00:09:39.050 --> 00:09:40.150
- JOHN COLLISON, MAJOR COLLISON HAD ACCOMPANIED ME IN THE
- 00:09:40.170 --> 00:09:43.140
- BACK OF THAT FORD, AND I LOOKED AT JOHN VERY
- 00:09:43.160 --> 00:09:47.240
- DELIBERATELY AND SAID, GIVE THAT TO MEL AND TELL
- 00:09:47.260 --> 00:09:50.030
- HER THAT I LOVED HER, BECAUSE I WAS SAYING
- 00:09:50.050 --> 00:09:51.220
- GOODBYE TO MY WIFE AND MY SON THROUGH THE SYMBOLISM
- 00:09:51.240 --> 00:09:54.190
- OF THAT RING.
- 00:09:54.210 --> 00:09:56.220
- AND THEN THE HOSPITAL CHAPLAIN, I'D ASKED FOR
- 00:09:56.240 --> 00:09:58.090
- THE HOSPITAL CHAPLAIN TO COME TO THE SIDE AND, SHE
- 00:09:58.110 --> 00:10:02.040
- JUST LED THAT PRAYER THAT RECOGNIZED THAT OKAY,
- 00:10:02.060 --> 00:10:05.100
- LORD, IF YOU'VE BROUGHT BRIAN HERE UNDER THE
- 00:10:05.120 --> 00:10:07.260
- DIRECTION OF DOCTOR WILLIAMS AND THE TEAM
- 00:10:07.280 --> 00:10:10.100
- HERE AT GEORGETOWN AND HE SURVIVES, WE'LL SALUTE
- 00:10:10.120 --> 00:10:12.220
- THAT FLAG AND WE'LL MOVE OUT WITH THAT MISSION.
- 00:10:12.240 --> 00:10:15.120
- BUT IF YOU'VE BROUGHT HIM HERE TO QUIETLY CALL HIM
- 00:10:15.140 --> 00:10:19.020
- INTO ETERNITY UNDER THE PEACE AND THE QUIET AND
- 00:10:19.040 --> 00:10:22.210
- THE COMFORT OF HIS FELLOW AMERICANS, WE'LL SALUTE
- 00:10:22.230 --> 00:10:25.260
- THAT FLAG, TOO.
- 00:10:25.280 --> 00:10:28.000
- WHEN THAT PRAYER WAS OVER WITH, IT WAS NOT WITH THE
- 00:10:28.020 --> 00:10:29.290
- STRENGTH OF A SOLDIER BUT OF MY FAITH IN CHRIST
- 00:10:30.010 --> 00:10:33.030
- THAT I COULD LOOK AT DOCTOR WILLIAMS AND SAY,
- 00:10:33.050 --> 00:10:34.270
- LET'S GET ON WITH IT.
- 00:10:34.290 --> 00:10:38.000
- AND IT'S AS VIVID TO ME TODAY AS IT WAS IN THOSE
- 00:10:38.020 --> 00:10:39.090
- MOMENTS WHEN THEY PLACED THAT MASK OVER MY FACE
- 00:10:39.110 --> 00:10:42.150
- CAN THE CANULES, TILTED MY HEAD BACK, AND WOULD
- 00:10:42.170 --> 00:10:45.090
- BE THE BEGINNING OF A VERY AGONIZING 4 YEAR
- 00:10:45.110 --> 00:10:50.060
- PROCESS TO BE MEDICALLY PUT BACK TOGETHER.
- 00:10:50.080 --> 00:10:52.230
- THE LORD PUT THE RIGHT PEOPLE IN THE RIGHT TIME
- 00:10:52.250 --> 00:10:55.000
- IN THE RIGHT PLACE TO FULFILL HIS PURPOSES.
- 00:10:55.020 --> 00:10:57.050
- - THERE'S AN IMAGE WHERE PRESIDENT BUSH GOES AND
- 00:10:57.070 --> 00:10:59.210
- VISITS SOMEONE IN THE HOSPITAL.
- 00:10:59.230 --> 00:11:01.220
- AT THE TIME WE HAD NO IDEA WHO IT WAS, AND
- 00:11:01.240 --> 00:11:03.010
- ACTUALLY TO THIS DAY IF WE DIDN'T KNOW IT WAS
- 00:11:03.030 --> 00:11:06.130
- YOU, WE MIGHT NOT KNOW IT WAS YOU BECAUSE YOU WERE
- 00:11:06.150 --> 00:11:10.130
- COMPLETELY COVERED.
- 00:11:10.150 --> 00:11:12.130
- I THINK I'VE HEARD YOU SAY YOU WERE MUMMIFIED.
- 00:11:12.150 --> 00:11:14.010
- - MUMMIFIED, THE AMOUNT OF BANDAGING AND THE
- 00:11:14.030 --> 00:11:16.200
- LIKE IS, YEAH.
- 00:11:16.220 --> 00:11:18.140
- - DO YOU HAVE ANY RECOLLECTION OF THE
- 00:11:18.160 --> 00:11:19.220
- PRESIDENT COMING TO VISIT YOU?
- 00:11:19.240 --> 00:11:21.040
- - NO.
- 00:11:21.060 --> 00:11:23.030
- I CAN TELL THE STORY BECAUSE MEL HAS TOLD
- 00:11:23.050 --> 00:11:25.030
- IT TO ME.
- 00:11:25.050 --> 00:11:27.110
- SO I'M PLEASED TO TELL IT.
- 00:11:27.130 --> 00:11:28.190
- IT'S A REALLY NEAT STORY.
- 00:11:28.210 --> 00:11:30.250
- OBVIOUSLY MEL AND I HAD CELL PHONES AT THAT TIME.
- 00:11:30.270 --> 00:11:35.040
- SHE HAD HER CELL PHONE.
- 00:11:35.060 --> 00:11:37.140
- SHE GETS A CALL FROM A 202 AREA CODE WHICH IS DC
- 00:11:37.160 --> 00:11:40.250
- THAT MORNING AT ABOUT 8 O'CLOCK THAT MORNING.
- 00:11:40.270 --> 00:11:43.210
- SHE'S LIKE, I DON'T KNOW WHO THIS IS, BUT I GUESS
- 00:11:43.230 --> 00:11:45.050
- I BETTER ANSWER IT.
- 00:11:45.070 --> 00:11:46.230
- AND ON THE OTHER END IT'S,
- 00:11:46.250 --> 00:11:48.060
- "MRS. BIRDWELL?"
- 00:11:48.080 --> 00:11:49.030
- "YES."
- 00:11:49.050 --> 00:11:50.090
- "THIS IS AGENT SMITH FROM THE SECRET SERVICE.
- 00:11:50.110 --> 00:11:51.290
- PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH WOULD LIKE PERMISSION TO
- 00:11:52.010 --> 00:11:54.090
- VISIT YOU AND YOUR HUSBAND AT THE WASHINGTON
- 00:11:54.110 --> 00:11:57.000
- HOSPITAL CENTER THIS MORNING."
- 00:11:57.020 --> 00:11:58.120
- AND ANYBODY THAT GETS A CALL FROM THE SECRET
- 00:11:58.140 --> 00:12:02.020
- SERVICE ON BEHALF OF THE PRESIDENT, YOU KNOW,
- 00:12:02.040 --> 00:12:04.150
- THERE'S A CERTAIN WAY YOU RESPOND.
- 00:12:04.170 --> 00:12:07.030
- AND MEL RESPONDED THAT WAY.
- 00:12:07.050 --> 00:12:08.220
- AND SHE SAID, "HOW DID YOU GET MY CELL PHONE NUMBER?"
- 00:12:08.240 --> 00:12:11.030
- [ LAUGHTER ]
- 00:12:11.050 --> 00:12:13.220
- AND OF COURSE THE SECRET SERVICE MEMBER ANSWERED
- 00:12:13.240 --> 00:12:16.150
- THE SAME WAY YOU'D EXPECT.
- 00:12:16.170 --> 00:12:17.250
- "MA'AM, WE'RE THE SECRET SERVICE," YOU KNOW.
- 00:12:17.270 --> 00:12:20.030
- BUT SHE SAID YES.
- 00:12:20.050 --> 00:12:22.190
- SECRET SERVICE CLEARED.
- 00:12:22.210 --> 00:12:24.030
- PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH COME IN.
- 00:12:24.050 --> 00:12:25.130
- DOCTOR JORDAN WHOSE THE DIRECTOR OF THE BURN
- 00:12:25.150 --> 00:12:27.070
- CENTER, JUST A NUMBER OF EXCEPTIONAL -- THERE'S ONLY
- 00:12:27.090 --> 00:12:31.220
- ONE GREAT PHYSICIAN BUT THERE'S SOME EXCEPTIONAL
- 00:12:31.240 --> 00:12:34.030
- ONE OUT THERE, AND SHE'S ONE OF THEM.
- 00:12:34.050 --> 00:12:36.110
- MRS. BUSH COMES IN FIRST.
- 00:12:36.130 --> 00:12:37.210
- MEL IS WITH ME TO THE LEFT.
- 00:12:37.230 --> 00:12:39.150
- AND SHE TELLS MRS. BUSH BRIAN IS FROM FT. WORTH.
- 00:12:39.170 --> 00:12:43.270
- AND MRS. BUSH'S EYES LIGHT UP.
- 00:12:43.290 --> 00:12:45.170
- OH, YOU'RE FROM TEXAS.
- 00:12:45.190 --> 00:12:47.100
- THAT LITTLE TEXAS HAPPY DANCE WHEN TEXANS MEET
- 00:12:47.120 --> 00:12:49.020
- EACH OTHER WHEN YOU'RE NOT IN THE STATE OF TEXAS.
- 00:12:49.040 --> 00:12:51.230
- AND SHE SAYS COLONEL BIRDWELL, I BROUGHT SOMEONE
- 00:12:51.250 --> 00:12:54.250
- TO SEE YOU.
- 00:12:54.270 --> 00:12:55.250
- AND NOTHING HAPPENS.
- 00:12:55.270 --> 00:12:57.240
- AND SO SHE TURNS OVER HER LEFT SHOULDER AND SAYS,
- 00:12:57.260 --> 00:12:59.240
- COLONEL BIRDWELL, I BROUGHT SOMEONE TO SEE YOU.
- 00:12:59.260 --> 00:13:03.210
- AND PRESIDENT COMES IN ON THE SECOND CALL
- 00:13:03.230 --> 00:13:05.220
- LIKE MOST HUSBANDS.
- 00:13:05.240 --> 00:13:08.000
- TAKES TWO TIMES.
- 00:13:08.020 --> 00:13:09.200
- PRESIDENT COMES IN AND HE'S ALREADY SEEN AND
- 00:13:09.220 --> 00:13:13.060
- VISITED WITH FIVE OTHER CRITICAL BURN SURVIVORS.
- 00:13:13.080 --> 00:13:17.030
- HE COMES TO THE FOOT OF MY BED AND RENDERS THE
- 00:13:17.050 --> 00:13:21.090
- SALUTE, AND ON INSTINCT I AM TRYING
- 00:13:21.110 --> 00:13:25.140
- TO RETURN THAT SALUTE.
- 00:13:25.160 --> 00:13:26.290
- AND HE DOES HIS SALUTE, AND MEL SAYS YOU
- 00:13:27.010 --> 00:13:29.190
- CAN SEE TEARS RUNNING DOWN HIS EYES.
- 00:13:29.210 --> 00:13:31.170
- AND THEN I DROP -AND I'M DOING THIS ON -I REMEMBER
- 00:13:31.190 --> 00:13:35.150
- TRYING TO SALUTE BUT I -I DON'T HAVE ANY CONTEXT OF
- 00:13:35.170 --> 00:13:39.230
- WHAT WAS HAPPENING AT THE TIME.
- 00:13:39.250 --> 00:13:42.100
- PRESIDENT DROPS HIS SALUTE, COMES TO THE SIDE
- 00:13:42.120 --> 00:13:44.230
- OF THE BED AND HE SAYS YOU KNOW, COLONEL BIRDWELL,
- 00:13:44.250 --> 00:13:47.040
- YOU'RE A GREAT AMERICAN.
- 00:13:47.060 --> 00:13:48.080
- THIS IS NOT GOING TO GO UNANSWERED.
- 00:13:48.100 --> 00:13:50.040
- WE'RE GOING TO STOP TOLERATING THE CULTURE OF
- 00:13:50.060 --> 00:13:53.040
- TERRORISM AND ACCEPTING IT AS A CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.
- 00:13:53.060 --> 00:13:56.250
- THEN MRS. BUSH, THEY ASKED IF THEY COULD PRAY
- 00:13:56.270 --> 00:14:01.100
- FOR US, AND THEN ABSOLUTELY SAID YES, AND
- 00:14:01.120 --> 00:14:04.150
- THEN MRS. BUSH SAYS, GEORGE, COLONEL BIRDWELL
- 00:14:04.170 --> 00:14:08.020
- IS FROM TEXAS.
- 00:14:08.040 --> 00:14:09.220
- AND OF COURSE PRESIDENT BUSH'S EYES LIGHT UP AND
- 00:14:09.240 --> 00:14:13.250
- DID THE TEXAS HAPPY DANCE.
- 00:14:13.270 --> 00:14:19.030
- AND HE AND MEL HAD DISCUSSION ABOUT
- 00:14:19.050 --> 00:14:21.080
- VARIOUS THINGS.
- 00:14:21.100 --> 00:14:23.160
- BUT WHAT'S INSTRUCTIVE OF THAT VISIT IS NOT ME
- 00:14:23.180 --> 00:14:28.020
- BEING THE FOCAL POINT OF THE VISIT.
- 00:14:28.040 --> 00:14:30.110
- IT'S THAT THE PRESIDENT UNDERSTOOD WHAT THIS
- 00:14:30.130 --> 00:14:35.240
- VISIT MEANT AND WAS GOING TO MEAN BECAUSE THE
- 00:14:35.260 --> 00:14:39.260
- DECISIONS HE WAS GOING TO HAVE TO MAKE TO PROTECT
- 00:14:39.280 --> 00:14:43.230
- THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WHICH IS HIS PRIMARY
- 00:14:43.250 --> 00:14:46.060
- CONSTITUTIONAL FUNCTION WAS GOING TO RENDER OTHER
- 00:14:46.080 --> 00:14:50.170
- MILITARY PERSONNEL IN THE SAME PHYSICAL CONDITION.
- 00:14:50.190 --> 00:14:55.290
- AND HE STILL HAD THE COURAGE AS HE WAS MAKING
- 00:14:56.010 --> 00:15:00.050
- DECISIONS DURING THAT TIMEFRAME FOR OUR NATION.
- 00:15:00.070 --> 00:15:02.290
- AND SO I GOT A CALL FROM THE PRESIDENT WHEN I WON
- 00:15:03.010 --> 00:15:07.040
- STATE SENATE SEAT.
- 00:15:07.060 --> 00:15:08.270
- AND IT WAS FUN.
- 00:15:08.290 --> 00:15:10.050
- I MEAN, IT WAS JUST NEAT.
- 00:15:10.070 --> 00:15:12.080
- WE'VE GOTTEN TO VISIT WITH PRESIDENT BUSH
- 00:15:12.100 --> 00:15:13.160
- SEVERAL TIMES AFTER SEPTEMBER 11, BUT WE LOVE
- 00:15:13.180 --> 00:15:18.030
- HIM AND RESPECT HIM IMMENSELY.
- 00:15:18.050 --> 00:15:19.290
- - SO AFTER HE LEAVES YOU THEN GO INTO SURGERY, AND
- 00:15:20.010 --> 00:15:22.290
- THAT'S JUST KIND OF THE BEGINNING OF
- 00:15:23.010 --> 00:15:24.220
- YOUR RECOVERY.
- 00:15:24.240 --> 00:15:26.020
- - IT IS -WHEN YOU SAY RECOVERY, YES, BUT
- 00:15:26.040 --> 00:15:32.050
- THERE'S A LOT OF BAD -I MEAN, WHAT HAPPENS IN A
- 00:15:32.070 --> 00:15:35.180
- BURN CENTER AND BECAUSE OF THE NATURE OF FLAME
- 00:15:35.200 --> 00:15:39.220
- THAT'S ON THE BATTLE FEED, THERE'S A LOT OF
- 00:15:39.240 --> 00:15:41.270
- BURN INJURIES THAT COME FROM ARMED CONFLICT.
- 00:15:41.290 --> 00:15:45.040
- SO I HAD A NUMBER OF PROBLEMS THAT MEDICALLY
- 00:15:45.060 --> 00:15:49.040
- SHOULD HAVE KILLED ME.
- 00:15:49.060 --> 00:15:50.240
- I MEAN, JUST WITHOUT A LONG DISCUSSION MY
- 00:15:50.260 --> 00:15:55.270
- CHANCES OF SURVIVAL WHEN I ARRIVED WERE
- 00:15:55.290 --> 00:15:58.000
- LESS THAN 1%.
- 00:15:58.020 --> 00:15:59.290
- - WOW.
- 00:16:00.030 --> 00:16:02.230
- - LIKE I SAID I SHOULD HAVE BEEN KILLED
- 00:16:02.250 --> 00:16:04.020
- IN THE BUILDING.
- 00:16:04.040 --> 00:16:05.100
- THERE WERE A NUMBER OF PLACES THAT I SHOULD HAVE
- 00:16:05.120 --> 00:16:06.190
- PASSED IN THE MEDICAL RECOVERY, BUT EVERY MAN
- 00:16:06.210 --> 00:16:11.260
- OR WOMAN THAT'S EVER PUT ON THE UNIFORM WHETHER
- 00:16:11.280 --> 00:16:13.280
- THEY SERVED IN PEACETIME, WARTIME, YOU KNOW, WERE A
- 00:16:14.000 --> 00:16:16.250
- CLERK OR A FRONT LINE, YOU KNOW, FOXHOLE
- 00:16:16.270 --> 00:16:21.110
- FIGHTING SOLDIER, THEY WERE WILLING TO BEAR THAT
- 00:16:21.130 --> 00:16:26.150
- BURDEN, AND IT'S, YOU KNOW, IT'S EMBLEMATIC OF
- 00:16:26.170 --> 00:16:32.180
- CHRIST'S SACRIFICE ON THE CROSS.
- 00:16:32.200 --> 00:16:34.150
- HE WILLINGLY SUBORDINATED HIMSELF TO GOVERNMENT,
- 00:16:34.170 --> 00:16:39.230
- SUBORDINATED HIMSELF TO THE FATHER JUST AS THE
- 00:16:39.250 --> 00:16:42.280
- SOLDIER DOES TO GOVERNMENT FOR SOME
- 00:16:43.000 --> 00:16:46.080
- GREATER CAUSE GREATER THAN HIMSELF, AND THAT'S
- 00:16:46.100 --> 00:16:50.170
- WHAT MAKES OUR VETS AND PARTICULARLY THOSE ON
- 00:16:50.190 --> 00:16:53.030
- MEMORIAL DAY BECAUSE THAT WE REMEMBER BECAUSE THEY
- 00:16:53.050 --> 00:16:55.120
- DIED IN UNIFORM IN SERVICE TO THE NATION,
- 00:16:55.140 --> 00:16:58.290
- THIS OUR MEN AND WOMEN IN UNIFORM ARE MOST CHRIST
- 00:16:59.010 --> 00:17:02.210
- LIKE AMONG OUR NATION.
- 00:17:02.230 --> 00:17:04.130
- - AND WE JUST WE'RE REALLY GRATEFUL FOR WHO
- 00:17:04.150 --> 00:17:07.090
- YOU ARE, FOR THE SERVICE TO OUR NATION, BUT WE
- 00:17:07.110 --> 00:17:09.010
- ALSO APPRECIATE YOU COMING ON THE SHOW TODAY.
- 00:17:09.030 --> 00:17:10.030
- - WHO-AH!
- 00:17:10.050 --> 00:17:11.070
- MY PLEASURE. THANK YOU.
- 00:17:11.090 --> 00:17:12.240
- -COLONEL BIRDWELL, THANK YOU SO MUCH.
- 00:17:12.260 --> 00:17:13.190
- - WHO-AH! THANK Y'ALL.
- 00:17:13.210 --> 00:17:14.150
- [ APPLAUSE ]
- 00:17:14.170 --> 00:17:15.180
- [MUSIC]
- 00:17:15.200 --> 00:17:27.050
- - MY GREAT GRANDFATHER, JACK CHAMBERLAIN WAS
- 00:17:27.070 --> 00:17:29.070
- PROBABLY THE BIGGEST INFLUENCE ON WHY WE
- 00:17:29.090 --> 00:17:31.040
- SHOULD REMEMBER DURING MEMORIAL DAY, WHY WE
- 00:17:31.060 --> 00:17:34.100
- SHOULD REMEMBER OUR FALLEN.
- 00:17:34.120 --> 00:17:36.190
- HE SAID, BEFORE YOU GO I WANT TO GIVE
- 00:17:36.210 --> 00:17:38.100
- YOU SOMETHING.
- 00:17:38.120 --> 00:17:39.140
- I SAID, OKAY.
- 00:17:39.160 --> 00:17:41.200
- SO I HUNG AROUND.
- 00:17:41.220 --> 00:17:43.140
- HE COMES OUT WITH THIS CIGAR BOX.
- 00:17:43.160 --> 00:17:46.030
- AND I KNEW WHAT WAS IN IT.
- 00:17:46.050 --> 00:17:48.150
- AND HE SAID, I WANT YOU TO HAVE THESE.
- 00:17:48.170 --> 00:17:49.270
- AND I SAID, NO, GRANDPA.
- 00:17:49.290 --> 00:17:51.040
- I CAN'T TAKE THOSE.
- 00:17:51.060 --> 00:17:52.080
- THOSE ARE YOUR BROTHER'S.
- 00:17:52.100 --> 00:17:54.130
- HE SAID, YOU WILL TAKE THEM BECAUSE I KNOW YOU
- 00:17:54.150 --> 00:17:57.020
- WILL KEEP FRANK'S MEMORY ALIVE.
- 00:17:57.040 --> 00:18:00.060
- AND I HAVE.
- 00:18:00.080 --> 00:18:02.000
- IF YOU GO TO MY CONGRESSIONAL OFFICE
- 00:18:02.020 --> 00:18:03.280
- TODAY IN WASHINGTON DC, THERE'S FRANK'S PICTURE.
- 00:18:04.000 --> 00:18:07.130
- THERE'S HIS PIPE.
- 00:18:07.150 --> 00:18:09.140
- THERE'S HIS ARTIFACTS.
- 00:18:09.160 --> 00:18:11.020
- I HAVE A PICTURE OF HIS GRAVE ON MY WALL BECAUSE
- 00:18:11.040 --> 00:18:14.150
- FRANK WAS 19.
- 00:18:14.170 --> 00:18:17.220
- MY GREAT GRANDFATHER WHEN HE DIED HE HAD OVER
- 00:18:17.240 --> 00:18:20.000
- 60 DESCENDANTS ME BEING ONE OF THEM.
- 00:18:20.020 --> 00:18:23.110
- AND HE WAS A POWERFUL MAIL FIGURE IN MY LIFE.
- 00:18:23.130 --> 00:18:26.250
- FRANK NEVER GOT THAT CHANCE.
- 00:18:26.270 --> 00:18:29.040
- LIKE SO MANY, HE WAS 19, AND HE DIED.
- 00:18:29.060 --> 00:18:33.240
- A LOT OF THE SOLDIERS I LOST WERE 19.
- 00:18:33.260 --> 00:18:36.290
- THEY NEVER KNEW THE JOYS OF MARRIAGE.
- 00:18:37.010 --> 00:18:40.140
- THEY NEVER KNEW LOVE AND RAISING THEIR CHILDREN.
- 00:18:40.160 --> 00:18:45.080
- THEY NEVER LIVED TO A RIPE OLD AGE WORKING IN
- 00:18:45.100 --> 00:18:49.220
- SOME CAPACITY THAT THEY ENJOYED, ENJOYING THE
- 00:18:49.240 --> 00:18:53.180
- FREEDOMS THAT THEIR SACRIFICE PAID FOR, NEVER
- 00:18:53.200 --> 00:18:56.050
- GOT TO SEE THEIR GRANDCHILDREN.
- 00:18:56.070 --> 00:18:59.020
- SO WE SHOULD DO THAT.
- 00:18:59.040 --> 00:19:03.050
- WE SHOULD PAUSE FROM THE BARBECUE AND LAKE TRIPS
- 00:19:03.070 --> 00:19:06.020
- AND GO DOWN AND REFLECT THE NAMES ON A WALL, AND
- 00:19:06.040 --> 00:19:13.090
- MAYBE LOOK ONE OR TWO OF THEM UP AND FIND OUT
- 00:19:13.110 --> 00:19:15.160
- WHO WERE THEY? WHO WERE THEIR LIVES?
- 00:19:15.180 --> 00:19:18.260
- WHAT WAS THEIR IMPACT?
- 00:19:18.280 --> 00:19:21.080
- AND WHAT WAS THE LIFE THEY NEVER GOT TO
- 00:19:21.100 --> 00:19:23.080
- LIVE LIKE FRANK COMPARED TO JACK.
- 00:19:23.100 --> 00:19:28.070
- - SO EVEN THOUGH THE HISTORY OF MEMORIAL DAY
- 00:19:32.240 --> 00:19:34.280
- GOES ALL THE WAY BACK TO JUST AFTER THE CIVIL WAR,
- 00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:37.000
- LOOKING AT ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY, MOST
- 00:19:37.020 --> 00:19:39.150
- AMERICANS TODAY STILL DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT
- 00:19:39.170 --> 00:19:41.280
- MEMORIAL DAY, DON'T REALLY KNOW WHY WE HAVE
- 00:19:42.000 --> 00:19:44.070
- A DAY TO COMMEMORATE AND REMEMBER OR EVEN
- 00:19:44.090 --> 00:19:46.100
- REALLY WHEN IT BEGAN.
- 00:19:46.120 --> 00:19:49.010
- - YOU HAVE TO GO BACK ACTUALLY INTO THE CIVIL
- 00:19:49.030 --> 00:19:51.170
- WAR BECAUSE IN THE SOUTH AND IN THE NORTH, YOU
- 00:19:51.190 --> 00:19:53.210
- PARTICULARLY HAD LADIES THAT WERE DECORATING
- 00:19:53.230 --> 00:19:55.120
- THE GRAVES OF FALLEN SOLDIERS.
- 00:19:55.140 --> 00:19:57.020
- AND SO IN 1868, AFTER THE CIVIL WAR IS OVER,
- 00:19:57.040 --> 00:20:00.200
- GENERAL JOHN LOGAN WHO IS COMMANDER OF NOW THE
- 00:20:00.220 --> 00:20:03.190
- REUNITED AMERICAN FORCES ISSUES GENERAL ORDER
- 00:20:03.210 --> 00:20:06.200
- NUMBER 11, AND ON GENERAL ORDER 11 IT SAYS ON THIS
- 00:20:06.220 --> 00:20:11.090
- PARTICULAR DAY, WE WANT TO DECORATE THE GRAVES OF
- 00:20:11.110 --> 00:20:14.000
- ALL OF THOSE WHO FELL IN THE CIVIL WAR.
- 00:20:14.020 --> 00:20:17.000
- AND SO WHAT HAPPENED IN ARLINGTON CEMETERY,
- 00:20:17.020 --> 00:20:19.230
- THEY HAD A SPECIAL COMMEMORATION THAT DAY,
- 00:20:19.250 --> 00:20:23.010
- THE ADDRESS WAS GIVEN BY GENERAL JAMES A. GARFIELD,
- 00:20:23.030 --> 00:20:26.140
- AND THEN LADIES AND CHILDREN FROM ALL OVER
- 00:20:26.160 --> 00:20:28.080
- THE CITY DECORATED THE GRAVES OF BOTH
- 00:20:28.100 --> 00:20:30.120
- CONFEDERATE AND UNION SOLDIERS.
- 00:20:30.140 --> 00:20:32.010
- SO IT WAS KNOWN AS DECORATION DAY.
- 00:20:32.030 --> 00:20:34.090
- BUT AFTER WORLD WAR I.
- 00:20:34.110 --> 00:20:35.190
- AFTER THE DEATHS AND WORLD WAR I, AT THAT
- 00:20:35.210 --> 00:20:37.250
- POINT IS WHEN THEY CHANGED IT TO MEMORIAL DAY.
- 00:20:37.270 --> 00:20:40.040
- THEY SAID LET'S TAKE THIS DAY IN MAY AND CELEBRATE,
- 00:20:40.060 --> 00:20:44.010
- NOT JUST THOSE WHO DIED IN THE CIVIL WAR, BUT
- 00:20:44.030 --> 00:20:46.080
- THOSE WHO DIED IN ALL WARS.
- 00:20:46.100 --> 00:20:48.000
- THAT'S HOW IT CAME TO BE, AND IT IS A TIME TO
- 00:20:48.020 --> 00:20:50.020
- REMEMBER THOSE WHO DIED FOR THEIR COUNTRY, THOSE
- 00:20:50.040 --> 00:20:53.290
- WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES, GAVE THE ULTIMATE SACRIFICE.
- 00:20:54.010 --> 00:20:56.120
- - FOR US, WORLD WAR II IS PRETTY MUCH AS FAR BACK
- 00:20:56.140 --> 00:20:59.070
- AS YOU CAN GO, AND THERE ARE STILL VETERANS
- 00:20:59.090 --> 00:21:01.170
- WHO LIVED AND EXPERIENCED THAT.
- 00:21:01.190 --> 00:21:03.150
- ACTUALLY, LATER IN THE SHOW, WE GET TO INTERVIEW
- 00:21:03.170 --> 00:21:05.180
- ONE OF THOSE GUYS.
- 00:21:05.200 --> 00:21:07.000
- WHEN YOU LOOK AT SO MANY OF THE STORIES THAT HAVE
- 00:21:07.020 --> 00:21:11.240
- COME FROM WORLD WAR II, THERE ARE SOME AMAZING
- 00:21:11.260 --> 00:21:14.230
- STORIES NOT JUST OF HEROIC ACTS WHERE THERE
- 00:21:14.250 --> 00:21:18.020
- WAS VICTORY, THERE'S SOME PRETTY AMAZING HEROIC
- 00:21:18.040 --> 00:21:21.080
- ACTS OF SACRIFICE.
- 00:21:21.100 --> 00:21:23.100
- - WELL, IF YOU MOVE OUT OF THE PACIFIC AND GO
- 00:21:23.120 --> 00:21:24.250
- OVER TO THE ATLANTIC SIDE, AT THE ATLANTIC
- 00:21:24.270 --> 00:21:27.080
- SIDE WE WERE SHIPPING TROOPS OUT ALL THE TIME
- 00:21:27.100 --> 00:21:29.220
- TRYING TO KEEP REINFORCING EUROPE,
- 00:21:29.240 --> 00:21:31.180
- AND WE'D GO UP THROUGH GREENLAND AND OVER TO
- 00:21:31.200 --> 00:21:33.120
- EUROPE OR SOMETIMES STRAIGHT ACROSS.
- 00:21:33.140 --> 00:21:35.130
- AS THEY SAILED INTO GREENLAND, THERE WAS A
- 00:21:35.150 --> 00:21:37.220
- PLACE CALLED TORPEDO ALLEY, WHERE THE GERMAN
- 00:21:37.240 --> 00:21:39.280
- U-BOATS WOULD SIT OUT THERE AND JUST SINK THESE
- 00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:41.250
- SHIPS, ALL THESE SHIPS FILLED WITH SOLDIERS
- 00:21:41.270 --> 00:21:44.260
- GOING TO EUROPE.
- 00:21:44.280 --> 00:21:46.120
- AND SO AS THEY SET OUT IN THE LAST PART OF JANUARY
- 00:21:46.140 --> 00:21:49.170
- OF 1943, JANUARY 29TH, THEY SET OUT-- THE GERMANS
- 00:21:49.190 --> 00:21:53.280
- KNEW THEY HAD SET OUT.
- 00:21:54.000 --> 00:21:55.070
- THEY HAD SPIES HERE, FIFTH COLUMN IS WORKING,
- 00:21:55.090 --> 00:21:58.020
- SO AS THEY'RE GOING THROUGH THAT TORPEDO ALLY,
- 00:21:58.040 --> 00:22:00.270
- IT'S ABOUT MIDNIGHT, AND PARTICULARLY U-BOAT 233
- 00:22:00.290 --> 00:22:05.150
- IS SITTING THERE WAITING FOR THEM.
- 00:22:05.170 --> 00:22:07.140
- SO AS THE U.S.A.T. U.S. ARMY TRANSPORT DORCHESTER
- 00:22:07.160 --> 00:22:10.260
- WENT BY, THEY LAUNCHED TORPEDOES AT IT,
- 00:22:10.280 --> 00:22:13.220
- AND THE TORPEDO HIT BELOW THE WATER LINE.
- 00:22:13.240 --> 00:22:16.130
- AND SO OF THE 900 PEOPLE ON BOARD, ABOUT
- 00:22:16.150 --> 00:22:19.020
- A THIRD OF THEM DIED BELOW WATER LINE FROM THE
- 00:22:19.040 --> 00:22:22.000
- IMPACT AND WHAT HAPPENED.
- 00:22:22.020 --> 00:22:23.250
- AND THE CAPTAIN OF THE SHIP HAD ORDERED
- 00:22:23.270 --> 00:22:25.220
- EVERYBODY TO SLEEP IN THEIR LIFE JACKETS
- 00:22:25.240 --> 00:22:28.040
- BECAUSE THEY WERE GOING THROUGH--
- 00:22:28.060 --> 00:22:29.200
- - HE KNEW IT WAS DANGEROUS.
- 00:22:29.220 --> 00:22:31.070
- MANY OF THOSE SOLDIERS WHO DECIDED THEY DIDN'T
- 00:22:31.090 --> 00:22:33.100
- WANT TO SLEEP WITH THEIR LIFE JACKETS, SLEEP WITH
- 00:22:33.120 --> 00:22:35.110
- THEIR BULKY STUFF ON, SO WHEN THOSE TORPEDOES HIT,
- 00:22:35.130 --> 00:22:39.000
- AS THEY ARE SCRAMBLING TO SURVIVE, THEY'RE
- 00:22:39.020 --> 00:22:42.040
- SCRAMBLING WITHOUT THE THINGS THAT WERE TO HELP
- 00:22:42.060 --> 00:22:44.100
- GIVE THEM EXTRA MINUTES IN THAT ICE FREEZING
- 00:22:44.120 --> 00:22:47.260
- WATER THEY'RE ABOUT TO GET INTO.
- 00:22:47.280 --> 00:22:50.020
- - AND AS THEY GET UP ON TOP, THERE'S PANIC EVERYWHERE.
- 00:22:50.040 --> 00:22:52.200
- THERE ARE PEOPLE IN A CATATONIC STATE.
- 00:22:52.220 --> 00:22:54.080
- THEY JUST DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO DO.
- 00:22:54.100 --> 00:22:55.160
- AND THESE FOUR CHAPLAINS, THEY'RE THE ONES WHO ARE
- 00:22:55.180 --> 00:22:59.070
- KEEPING REALLY A CALM ON IT.
- 00:22:59.090 --> 00:23:02.000
- AND AS GUYS ARE PANICKED AND NOT KNOWING WHAT TO
- 00:23:02.020 --> 00:23:04.120
- DO, THEY'RE HELPING THEM FIND GLOVES, HELPING
- 00:23:04.140 --> 00:23:06.110
- THEM FIND LIFE JACKETS.
- 00:23:06.130 --> 00:23:07.250
- AND FINALLY, AS THEY RUN OUT OF LIFE JACKETS,
- 00:23:07.270 --> 00:23:09.160
- THESE FOUR GUYS TAKE THEIR OWN LIFE JACKET OFF
- 00:23:09.180 --> 00:23:11.240
- AND GIVE TO THE LAST FOUR GUYS GOING IN.
- 00:23:11.260 --> 00:23:14.090
- AND AS THE SHIP WENT DOWN, WAS GOING UNDER THE
- 00:23:14.110 --> 00:23:16.120
- WATERS, ON THE DECK THEY WATCHED, THE WITNESSES
- 00:23:16.140 --> 00:23:19.250
- WATCHED AS THESE FOUR GUYS LINKED ARMS AND
- 00:23:19.270 --> 00:23:22.050
- WERE PRAYING TOGETHER AND SINGING HYMNS
- 00:23:22.070 --> 00:23:23.190
- AS THE SHIP WENT UNDER.
- 00:23:23.210 --> 00:23:25.100
- AND SO A LOT OF THOSE YOUNG GUYS SAID HAD IT
- 00:23:25.120 --> 00:23:27.050
- NOT BEEN FOR THEM, I WOULD NOT HAVE MADE IT.
- 00:23:27.070 --> 00:23:29.050
- SO WHAT HAPPENED AS A RESULT WAS CONGRESS
- 00:23:29.070 --> 00:23:32.000
- CAME UP WITH THIS.
- 00:23:32.020 --> 00:23:34.260
- THESE GUYS WERE NOT GIVEN THE MEDAL OF HONOR
- 00:23:34.280 --> 00:23:36.120
- BECAUSE THEY WERE NOT KILLED IN BATTLE
- 00:23:36.140 --> 00:23:38.150
- AGAINST HOSTILE ACTION.
- 00:23:38.170 --> 00:23:39.250
- THEY WERE KILLED AS A RESULT OF SINKING A SHIP.
- 00:23:39.270 --> 00:23:41.260
- SO CONGRESS MADE THIS.
- 00:23:41.280 --> 00:23:43.180
- IT'S SOMETIMES CALLED THE CHAPLAIN'S MEDAL OF
- 00:23:43.200 --> 00:23:45.110
- HONOR, BUT THEY CREATED THIS JUST FOR THOSE FOUR
- 00:23:45.130 --> 00:23:48.090
- GUYS. BUT THAT'S ANOTHER STORY OF THE SACRIFICE
- 00:23:48.110 --> 00:23:52.060
- THAT THEY WERE WILLING TO MAKE.
- 00:23:52.080 --> 00:23:54.220
- - THESE ARE STORIES THAT, ESPECIALLY ON
- 00:23:54.240 --> 00:23:56.200
- MEMORIAL DAY, THESE ARE THE KIND OF THINGS WE
- 00:23:56.220 --> 00:23:59.080
- OUGHT TO BE LOOKING TO SO GRATEFUL FOR THE PEOPLE
- 00:23:59.100 --> 00:24:02.240
- THAT LAID DOWN THEIR LIVES FOR OUR FREEDOM.
- 00:24:02.260 --> 00:24:05.030
- BUT AGAIN, ONE OF THE STORIES THAT TODAY
- 00:24:05.050 --> 00:24:07.060
- DOESN'T GET NEARLY THE ATTENTION IT PROBABLY
- 00:24:07.080 --> 00:24:09.030
- DESERVES, JUST, WE'VE KIND OF MOVED PAST KNOWING
- 00:24:09.050 --> 00:24:12.110
- SOME OF THESE SAYINGS BUT WORTH REMEMBERING.
- 00:24:12.130 --> 00:24:15.020
- - AS WE MOVE TOWARD THE END OF THE PACIFIC
- 00:24:15.040 --> 00:24:17.040
- THEATER, BECAUSE AFTER WE'RE ABLE TO GO IN ON
- 00:24:17.060 --> 00:24:19.150
- D-DAY AND BY THE WAY, THIS IS A FLAG FROM D-DAY.
- 00:24:19.170 --> 00:24:23.170
- THAT WAS THE THIRD FLAG THAT WENT IN ON D-DAY,
- 00:24:23.190 --> 00:24:26.100
- AND SO IF YOU GET ON THE BACKSIDE OF THAT FLAG,
- 00:24:26.120 --> 00:24:28.040
- YOU'LL SEE ALL THE SHRAPNEL HOLES THROUGH
- 00:24:28.060 --> 00:24:29.220
- THAT FLAG. IT'S JUST UNBELIEVABLE.
- 00:24:29.240 --> 00:24:31.140
- SO WHETHER IT BE AFTER WE FINISH IN GERMANY, THEN
- 00:24:31.160 --> 00:24:34.040
- WE COME BACK, AND NOW WE HAVE TO FINISH
- 00:24:34.060 --> 00:24:35.270
- IN THE PACIFIC AREA.
- 00:24:35.290 --> 00:24:37.210
- WE KNOW IWO JIMA, AND WE KNOW THE ICONIC
- 00:24:37.230 --> 00:24:41.130
- IMAGE THAT WE HAVE AT IWO JIMA.
- 00:24:41.150 --> 00:24:43.260
- BUT THE GUY ON THE LEFT SIDE WHO HAS JUST RAISED
- 00:24:43.280 --> 00:24:46.140
- THE FLAG, JUST GONE UP WITH IT, IS A GUY NAMED
- 00:24:46.160 --> 00:24:49.040
- IRA HAYES. IRA HAYES WAS A PIMA INDIAN.
- 00:24:49.060 --> 00:24:52.120
- HE WAS 22 AT THIS POINT.
- 00:24:52.140 --> 00:24:55.080
- WE HAVE A LETTER FROM IRA HAYES THAT IS JUST PRETTY
- 00:24:55.100 --> 00:25:00.030
- UNBELIEVABLE. THIS IS IRA WRITING TO HIS PARENTS.
- 00:25:00.050 --> 00:25:05.030
- I WANT TO READ YOU WHAT HE SAYS TO HIS PARENTS
- 00:25:05.050 --> 00:25:09.190
- HERE. HE SAYS "DEAR PARENTS AND BROTHERS,
- 00:25:09.210 --> 00:25:15.160
- GOOD EVENING DEAR FOLKS.
- 00:25:15.180 --> 00:25:17.170
- I AIN'T GOT NOTHING TO DO JUST NOW SO I'M WRITING
- 00:25:17.190 --> 00:25:19.260
- TO YOU. I HOPE YOU'RE ALL OKAY, BUT PLEASE
- 00:25:19.280 --> 00:25:22.050
- DO NOT WORRY ABOUT ME.
- 00:25:22.070 --> 00:25:23.250
- I'M ALL RIGHT AND CAN TAKE CARE OF MYSELF
- 00:25:23.270 --> 00:25:25.090
- IN ANY SITUATION.
- 00:25:25.110 --> 00:25:27.020
- I DON'T KNOW IF I EVER MENTIONED THIS TO YOU,
- 00:25:27.040 --> 00:25:29.070
- BUT WHEN I JOINED THE CORP, I STARTED TO PRAY.
- 00:25:29.090 --> 00:25:32.020
- MAYBE FOUR OR THREE TIMES A WEEK.
- 00:25:32.040 --> 00:25:34.050
- BUT WHEN I WENT OVER THE FIRST TIME,
- 00:25:34.070 --> 00:25:35.250
- I PRAYED EVERY NIGHT.
- 00:25:35.270 --> 00:25:37.160
- AND THE SECOND TIME OVER, HERE BEFORE WE WENT TO
- 00:25:37.180 --> 00:25:39.270
- IWO AND DONE LIKEWISE.
- 00:25:39.290 --> 00:25:42.060
- BUT ON IWO, I WAS ALWAYS PRAYING.
- 00:25:42.080 --> 00:25:44.270
- SO MANY OTHERS WAS PRAYING FOR THEIR FIRST TIME.
- 00:25:44.290 --> 00:25:48.060
- MY PRAYERS WERE WITH ME AND COMFORTED ME.
- 00:25:48.080 --> 00:25:51.100
- THEY GAVE ME COURAGE TO FACE THE NEXT DAY.
- 00:25:51.120 --> 00:25:54.160
- I NEVER ASK GOD TO SPARE MY LIFE.
- 00:25:54.180 --> 00:25:57.060
- I'D SAY IF IT IS BY HIS WILL THAT I SEE ANOTHER
- 00:25:57.080 --> 00:26:00.030
- MORNING, I WOULD BE THANKFUL FOR IT.
- 00:26:00.050 --> 00:26:02.260
- BUT IF IT IS THE OTHER WAY AND GOD'S WILL,
- 00:26:02.280 --> 00:26:04.230
- WELL, I'LL BE READY.
- 00:26:04.250 --> 00:26:06.260
- AND I HAVE BEEN READY A LONG TIME AGO.
- 00:26:06.280 --> 00:26:09.130
- I NEVER FELT HIS NEARNESS TO ME AS I DID
- 00:26:09.150 --> 00:26:12.090
- ON THAT DAMN ISLAND.
- 00:26:12.110 --> 00:26:14.140
- PRAYERS ARE ALWAYS HEARD AND I'LL KEEP ON PRAYING
- 00:26:14.160 --> 00:26:17.080
- AS I NEVER DID BEFORE.
- 00:26:17.100 --> 00:26:19.160
- WELL FOLKS, I DON'T HAVE MUCH MORE TO WRITE.
- 00:26:19.180 --> 00:26:21.200
- THANKS FOR SENDING THAT LETTER TO ME."
- 00:26:21.220 --> 00:26:23.160
- AND IT'S SIGNED IRA HAYES.
- 00:26:23.180 --> 00:26:25.280
- NOW, IRA DIED TEN YEARS LATER.
- 00:26:26.000 --> 00:26:30.140
- HE CAME BACK WITH WHAT WE MIGHT CALL P.T.S.
- 00:26:30.160 --> 00:26:34.150
- WE DON'T CALL IT P.T.S.D., IT'S NOT A
- 00:26:34.170 --> 00:26:36.120
- DISORDER, BUT POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS.
- 00:26:36.140 --> 00:26:39.070
- AFTER HE GOT OUT OF THE MILITARY, HE WAS ARRESTED
- 00:26:39.090 --> 00:26:43.170
- 52 TIMES FOR PUBLIC DRUNKENNESS, AND IT WAS
- 00:26:43.190 --> 00:26:46.270
- JUST HE COULDN'T HANDLE IT.
- 00:26:46.290 --> 00:26:48.040
- HE KEPT SAYING SO MANY GUYS BETTER THAN ME DIED
- 00:26:48.060 --> 00:26:50.250
- AND I DIDN'T, AND IT WAS JUST THIS THING THAT WAS
- 00:26:50.270 --> 00:26:53.090
- HARD FOR HIM TO RECONCILE, SO HE DIED
- 00:26:53.110 --> 00:26:55.100
- AT THE AGE OF 32.
- 00:26:55.120 --> 00:26:57.100
- AND YOU KNOW, HE'S JUST REPRESENTATIVE SOMETIMES
- 00:26:57.120 --> 00:27:01.270
- OF WHAT CIVILIANS DON'T UNDERSTAND.
- 00:27:01.290 --> 00:27:04.130
- - I THINK IT'S PROBABLY WORTH POINTING OUT AS
- 00:27:04.150 --> 00:27:06.100
- SOMETHING THAT I'M GRATEFUL FOR HOW AMERICAN
- 00:27:06.120 --> 00:27:08.280
- CULTURE HAS RECOGNIZED A LITTLE BETTER THAT WE
- 00:27:09.000 --> 00:27:12.140
- NEED TO HELP GUYS THAT ARE COMING BACK FROM DOWN
- 00:27:12.160 --> 00:27:14.090
- RANGE. THERE'S A LOT OF ORGANIZATIONS, ACTUALLY
- 00:27:14.110 --> 00:27:17.050
- SOME FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS WHICH HAVE
- 00:27:17.070 --> 00:27:18.260
- THE HIGHEST SUCCESS RATE.
- 00:27:18.280 --> 00:27:20.160
- ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IT'S BEEN DISCOVERED IS
- 00:27:20.180 --> 00:27:22.260
- WITHOUT GOD, RIGHT, IT'S HARD TO
- 00:27:22.280 --> 00:27:25.040
- FIND THAT RECONCILIATION.
- 00:27:25.060 --> 00:27:26.280
- IT'S HARD TO FIND THAT FORGIVENESS, SOMETIMES
- 00:27:27.000 --> 00:27:29.060
- EVEN SELF-FORGIVENESS, BUT THERE'S A LOT OF
- 00:27:29.080 --> 00:27:31.230
- AMAZING FAITH BASED ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE
- 00:27:31.250 --> 00:27:34.040
- HELPING VETERANS AS THEY COME BACK, AND CERTAINLY
- 00:27:34.060 --> 00:27:38.240
- WE'RE SO GRATEFUL THAT THERE ARE GROUPS THAT DO
- 00:27:38.260 --> 00:27:40.160
- THIS, BUT WHEN YOU BACK UP TO WORLD WAR II, WHEN
- 00:27:40.180 --> 00:27:45.070
- YOU'RE COMING BACK AFTER THE WAR, THERE WASN'T A
- 00:27:45.090 --> 00:27:47.130
- LOT OFFERED TO HELP PEOPLE KIND OF
- 00:27:47.150 --> 00:27:50.090
- REINTEGRATE AND OVERCOME SOME OF THOSE STRUGGLES.
- 00:27:50.110 --> 00:27:53.120
- - AND WHAT THESE GUYS SAW, PARTICULARLY IN A
- 00:27:53.140 --> 00:27:55.070
- CULTURE WHERE THE KILLING IS WHAT THE ENEMY LOVED
- 00:27:55.090 --> 00:27:58.230
- DOING. I MEAN, THEY WANTED TO TAKE YOU OUT, AND IF
- 00:27:58.250 --> 00:28:01.120
- THEY COULD TAKE THEMSELVES OUT, THAT'S GREAT TOO.
- 00:28:01.140 --> 00:28:03.280
- - ESPECIALLY THE PACIFIC THEATER.
- 00:28:04.000 --> 00:28:05.110
- - ESPECIALLY IN THE PACIFIC THEATER.
- 00:28:05.130 --> 00:28:06.220
- - JAPANESE ENVIRONMENT.
- 00:28:06.240 --> 00:28:08.010
- - YOU TAKE THIS PICTURE DOWN HERE WITH THE
- 00:28:08.030 --> 00:28:11.000
- BEHEADING THAT'S GOING ON.
- 00:28:11.020 --> 00:28:12.220
- THIS IS ONE OF THOSE BEHEADING SWORDS.
- 00:28:12.240 --> 00:28:17.200
- WE HAVE ALL SORTS OF ACCOUNTS OF JAPANESE
- 00:28:17.220 --> 00:28:22.050
- OFFICERS WHO WOULD HAVE BEHEADING CONTESTS WITH
- 00:28:22.070 --> 00:28:24.280
- EACH OTHER TO SEE WHO COULD BEHEAD A HUNDRED
- 00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:27.210
- SOLDIERS, A HUNDRED P.O.W.'S THE FASTEST.
- 00:28:27.230 --> 00:28:30.050
- THEY HAD TO HAVE RUNOFFS BECAUSE THEY WERE SO FAST.
- 00:28:30.070 --> 00:28:32.160
- I WAS READING LAST NIGHT THE ACCOUNT OF ONE
- 00:28:32.180 --> 00:28:34.140
- JAPANESE OFFICER WHO SAID IF HE WENT MORE THAN TWO
- 00:28:34.160 --> 00:28:37.090
- WEEKS WITHOUT BEHEADING SOMEONE, HE REALLY DIDN'T
- 00:28:37.110 --> 00:28:39.250
- FEEL GOOD ABOUT HIMSELF.
- 00:28:39.270 --> 00:28:41.110
- HE NEEDED TO BEHEAD SOMEONE.
- 00:28:41.130 --> 00:28:42.240
- - ACTUALLY, HE WOULD REMEDY THAT, AS WE WERE
- 00:28:42.260 --> 00:28:44.130
- READING THE ACCOUNT, HE SAID THAT HE WOULD
- 00:28:44.150 --> 00:28:46.020
- JUST GO GET A P.O.W. AND JUST BRING HIM OUT,
- 00:28:46.040 --> 00:28:48.230
- HAVE HIM DIG YOUR GRAVE, CHOP HIS HEAD OFF,
- 00:28:48.250 --> 00:28:51.050
- THROW HIM IN THE GRAVE AND THEN GO BACK.
- 00:28:51.070 --> 00:28:52.250
- HE SAID I JUST FELT BETTER AFTER I BEHEADED SOMEBODY.
- 00:28:52.270 --> 00:28:56.210
- AND THAT'S A CULTURE THAT AS WE TALK ABOUT EVEN
- 00:28:56.230 --> 00:28:59.050
- HISTORY THAT'S FORGOTTEN, PROBABLY THE EUROPEAN
- 00:28:59.070 --> 00:29:02.120
- THEATER IS STUDIED A LOT MORE, RIGHT, IN HISTORY
- 00:29:02.140 --> 00:29:04.290
- THAN THE PACIFIC THEATER.
- 00:29:05.010 --> 00:29:07.110
- MOST AMERICANS KNOW THAT HITLER TARGETED JEWS.
- 00:29:07.130 --> 00:29:13.070
- MOST AMERICANS AREN'T AWARE THAT THE JAPANESE
- 00:29:13.090 --> 00:29:16.140
- EXECUTED FAR MORE CHINESE THAN HITLER EVEN GOT
- 00:29:16.160 --> 00:29:19.260
- CLOSE TO WITH WHAT HE DID, AND ACTUALLY MANY
- 00:29:19.280 --> 00:29:23.230
- OF, PROBABLY THE MOST COMMON WAY OF EXECUTION
- 00:29:23.250 --> 00:29:26.040
- FOR JAPANESE WAS BEHEADINGS.
- 00:29:26.060 --> 00:29:28.180
- - YEAH, WE SEE THAT HITLER TOOK OUT NEARLY
- 00:29:28.200 --> 00:29:31.140
- 6 MILLION JEWS, BUT THE JAPANESE TOOK OUT NEARLY
- 00:29:31.160 --> 00:29:33.100
- 10 MILLION CHINESE.
- 00:29:33.120 --> 00:29:35.110
- AND LIKE ISIS, THEY HAD THEIR SEX SLAVES.
- 00:29:35.130 --> 00:29:38.290
- THEY WENT TO THE KOREAN PENINSULA, TOOK KOREAN
- 00:29:39.010 --> 00:29:40.220
- WOMEN BACK, THEY BECAME SEX SLAVES FOR THE OFFICERS.
- 00:29:40.240 --> 00:29:44.200
- THE CULTURE, THEY TAUGHT THEIR YOUNG PEOPLE
- 00:29:44.220 --> 00:29:46.290
- HOW TO DO SUICIDE BOMBS.
- 00:29:47.010 --> 00:29:48.220
- ONE OF THE THINGS THEY USED IN WORLD WAR TWO
- 00:29:48.240 --> 00:29:51.060
- WERE SUICIDE TORPEDOES.
- 00:29:51.080 --> 00:29:52.210
- YOU'D PUT TWO JAPANESE INSIDE A TORPEDO
- 00:29:52.230 --> 00:29:54.080
- AND LAUNCH IT.
- 00:29:54.100 --> 00:29:55.180
- THEY WOULD GUIDE THE TORPEDO TO HIT THE SHIP.
- 00:29:55.200 --> 00:29:57.140
- IT'S LIKE A KAMIKAZE BOMBER BUT YOU HAVE IT IN
- 00:29:57.160 --> 00:30:00.080
- TORPEDOES. I MEAN KILLING WAS JUST-- AND SO IF WE HAVE TO
- 00:30:00.100 --> 00:30:04.130
- INVADE JAPAN LIKE WE INVADED GERMANY AND
- 00:30:04.150 --> 00:30:08.240
- EUROPE, IT'S A WHOLE DIFFERENT THING BECAUSE
- 00:30:08.260 --> 00:30:10.290
- THEY'RE GOING TO FIGHT TO THE DEATH
- 00:30:11.010 --> 00:30:14.090
- AND NOT SURRENDER.
- 00:30:14.110 --> 00:30:15.200
- SO AS WE FINALLY GET-- WE DID NOT LOSE A BATTLE,
- 00:30:15.220 --> 00:30:18.280
- ISLAND HOPPING, GOING, WE DID NOT LOSE AN ISLAND,
- 00:30:19.000 --> 00:30:21.210
- WE WON EVERY SINGLE ISLAND UNTIL WE FINALLY
- 00:30:21.230 --> 00:30:23.210
- GET UP AGAINST JAPAN.
- 00:30:23.230 --> 00:30:25.170
- AND NOW WE'VE GOT TO TAKE JAPAN, AND THEY'RE NOT
- 00:30:25.190 --> 00:30:28.120
- SURRENDERING, AND THEY KNOW THEY'VE LOST,
- 00:30:28.140 --> 00:30:30.090
- THEY'VE LOST ALL THEIR ALLEYS BUT
- 00:30:30.110 --> 00:30:32.070
- THEY'RE NOT SURRENDERING.
- 00:30:32.090 --> 00:30:33.170
- AND IT'S INTERESTING WHAT WE DO AT THAT POINT.
- 00:30:33.190 --> 00:30:36.130
- THE AMERICAN SIDE CAME THROUGH IN A WAY THAT IS
- 00:30:36.150 --> 00:30:38.250
- NOT COVERED IN TEXTBOOKS.
- 00:30:38.270 --> 00:30:40.070
- I'VE NEVER SEEN THIS COVERED IN ANY SINGLE
- 00:30:40.090 --> 00:30:41.210
- TEXTBOOK AT ALL.
- 00:30:41.230 --> 00:30:43.190
- AND IT IS THAT WE TOOK THE ISLAND OF SAIPAN, AND
- 00:30:43.210 --> 00:30:46.200
- WE STARTED BROADCASTING FROM THE ISLAND OF SAIPAN
- 00:30:46.220 --> 00:30:49.040
- EVERY FIFTEEN MINUTES INTO JAPAN THAT WE'RE
- 00:30:49.060 --> 00:30:51.190
- COMING TO DESTROY ALL THE MILITARY STUFF THERE,
- 00:30:51.210 --> 00:30:54.040
- WE DO NOT WANT TO TAKE OUT A SINGLE CIVILIAN,
- 00:30:54.060 --> 00:30:56.010
- SO HERE'S WHERE WE'RE COMING.
- 00:30:56.030 --> 00:30:57.210
- HERE'S WHERE WE'RE GOING TO BOMB.
- 00:30:57.230 --> 00:30:59.020
- WE WANT ALL CIVILIANS TO LEAVE THOSE AREAS BECAUSE
- 00:30:59.040 --> 00:31:01.010
- WE DON'T WANT CIVILIAN DEATHS.
- 00:31:01.030 --> 00:31:03.140
- THIS IS A LEAFLET THAT WE DROPPED IN JAPANESE.
- 00:31:03.160 --> 00:31:07.190
- IT GIVES THE 35 CITIES THAT THE AMERICAN BOMBERS
- 00:31:07.210 --> 00:31:09.200
- ARE GOING TO BOMB.
- 00:31:09.220 --> 00:31:11.100
- AND IT WARNS THE JAPANESE TO GET OUT OF THOSE CITIES.
- 00:31:11.120 --> 00:31:13.220
- WE WILL DESTROY ALL MILITARY INSTALLATIONS.
- 00:31:13.240 --> 00:31:15.170
- WE WANT NO INNOCENT LIVES.
- 00:31:15.190 --> 00:31:17.140
- WE FINALLY GOT TO A POINT, THE B-29 BOMBED TOKYO.
- 00:31:17.160 --> 00:31:20.150
- A 100.000 JAPANESE LOST THEIR LIVES IN TOKYO,
- 00:31:20.170 --> 00:31:22.120
- B-29 BOMBER.
- 00:31:22.140 --> 00:31:23.240
- SO THE JAPANESE ARE VERY AWARE OF WHAT A B-29 CAN
- 00:31:23.260 --> 00:31:26.160
- DO, AND THEY CAME OUT WITH THIS ONE HERE.
- 00:31:26.180 --> 00:31:28.190
- THIS SHOWS FIVE B-29S.
- 00:31:28.210 --> 00:31:31.230
- IN JAPANESE, THESE FIVE B-29S, IT SAYS ALL RIGHT
- 00:31:31.250 --> 00:31:34.060
- YOU SEE WHAT A B-29 CAN DO.
- 00:31:34.080 --> 00:31:36.160
- WE HAVE ONE BOMB THAT'S CAPABLE OF DOING WHAT
- 00:31:36.180 --> 00:31:40.040
- 2.000 B-29S DO. WE WILL USE THAT BOMB.
- 00:31:40.060 --> 00:31:43.080
- WE DON'T WANT TO. GET OUT OF THE CITY. GET AWAY
- 00:31:43.100 --> 00:31:46.080
- FROM THIS. GET YOUR GUYS TO SURRENDER.
- 00:31:46.100 --> 00:31:48.200
- WE DON'T WANT TO DO THIS.
- 00:31:48.220 --> 00:31:50.060
- WE'RE DROPPING 70 MILLION LEAFLETS ACROSS JAPAN.
- 00:31:50.080 --> 00:31:54.180
- HERE'S SOME OF THE OTHERS.
- 00:31:54.200 --> 00:31:56.020
- - WE HAVE A LOT, A LOT OF LEAFLETS.
- 00:31:56.040 --> 00:31:58.190
- - EVERY CONCEIVABLE MESSAGE YOU CAN IMAGINE.
- 00:31:58.210 --> 00:32:01.060
- - AND THE AMERICAN WARNINGS WERE COMPLETELY
- 00:32:01.080 --> 00:32:03.120
- NEGLECTED. AGAIN, THE JAPANESE THOUGHT THAT IF YOU ARE
- 00:32:03.140 --> 00:32:07.170
- DYING IN BATTLE, THAT'S NOT A BAD THING.
- 00:32:07.190 --> 00:32:10.010
- YOU CAN BE REWARDED IN ETERNITY, THERE'S GONNA
- 00:32:10.030 --> 00:32:12.130
- BE GREAT THINGS WAITING FOR YOU, SO THEY'RE NOT
- 00:32:12.150 --> 00:32:14.130
- AFRAID OF THIS NOTION.
- 00:32:14.150 --> 00:32:16.070
- AND SO THEY'RE EMBRACING THE IDEA OF DEATH.
- 00:32:16.090 --> 00:32:18.140
- BUT TRUMAN KNOWS THIS IS GONNA COST A LOT OF
- 00:32:18.160 --> 00:32:20.210
- AMERICAN LIVES.
- 00:32:20.230 --> 00:32:22.070
- - THE ESTIMATES WERE THAT IT WOULD COST ONE
- 00:32:22.090 --> 00:32:24.210
- MILLION AMERICAN LIVES IF WE HAD TO INVADE JAPAN
- 00:32:24.230 --> 00:32:27.100
- BECAUSE THEY WERE GOING TO FIGHT.
- 00:32:27.120 --> 00:32:28.270
- IT WOULD TAKE 2-4 MILLION ALLIED LIVES, AND
- 00:32:28.290 --> 00:32:31.140
- SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 5-10 MILLION JAPANESE WOULD
- 00:32:31.160 --> 00:32:34.030
- LOSE THEIR LIVES.
- 00:32:34.050 --> 00:32:35.160
- SO YOU'RE LOOKING AT ESTIMATES OF ANYWHERE
- 00:32:35.180 --> 00:32:37.040
- FROM 3 TO 15 MILLION PEOPLE LOSING THEIR LIVES
- 00:32:37.060 --> 00:32:40.100
- IN THIS, AND THEY WON'T SURRENDER, AND THAT'S
- 00:32:40.120 --> 00:32:42.280
- WHERE PRESIDENT TRUMAN SAID NO, WE'VE GOT TO BOMB.
- 00:32:43.000 --> 00:32:46.150
- WE TOLD YOU THAT WE'VE GOT A BOMB THAT WOULD DO
- 00:32:46.170 --> 00:32:49.270
- WHAT 2.000 OF THESE DID.
- 00:32:49.290 --> 00:32:51.200
- WE'RE NOT GONNA DO THIS.
- 00:32:51.220 --> 00:32:53.090
- SO WE DROPPED THE FIRST BOMB ON THE 6TH OF AUGUST
- 00:32:53.110 --> 00:32:56.170
- 1945. YOU HAD ABOUT 70.000 KILLED, ABOUT
- 00:32:56.190 --> 00:33:00.060
- 80.000 WITH RADIATION DEATHS AFTER THAT.
- 00:33:00.080 --> 00:33:03.260
- THREE DAYS LATER, THEY'RE STILL NOT SURRENDERING.
- 00:33:03.280 --> 00:33:05.220
- SAIPAN, WE'RE STILL BROADCASTING, WE'RE GONNA
- 00:33:05.240 --> 00:33:07.120
- DROP A SECOND BOMB.
- 00:33:07.140 --> 00:33:08.280
- TRUMAN, AFTER WE DROPPED THE FIRST BOMB, WENT ON
- 00:33:09.000 --> 00:33:10.180
- AIR AND SAID WE'VE GOT ANOTHER ONE.
- 00:33:10.200 --> 00:33:12.110
- SURRENDER OR WE'LL USE IT.
- 00:33:12.130 --> 00:33:14.030
- THEY WON'T SURRENDER.
- 00:33:14.050 --> 00:33:15.110
- WE DROPPED THE SECOND ONE.
- 00:33:15.130 --> 00:33:16.250
- WE'VE GOT ANOTHER ONE. WE'LL USE IT.
- 00:33:16.270 --> 00:33:18.040
- THEY WON'T SURRENDER.
- 00:33:18.060 --> 00:33:19.160
- IT WAS FIVE DAYS LATER BEFORE THEY FINALLY SURRENDERED.
- 00:33:19.180 --> 00:33:21.200
- SO THAT'S WHAT EVENTUALLY ENDED THE WAR.
- 00:33:21.220 --> 00:33:24.240
- AND ANYWAY YOU LOOK AT IT, THE USE OF ATOMIC
- 00:33:24.260 --> 00:33:28.050
- WEAPONS SAVED MILLIONS OF LIVES.
- 00:33:28.070 --> 00:33:31.130
- - WE ALSO HAVE A COUPLE OF IMAGES THAT IT'S
- 00:33:31.150 --> 00:33:35.070
- SPECIFICALLY SIGNED BY DUTCH VON KIRK WHO WAS
- 00:33:35.090 --> 00:33:37.110
- A NAVIGATOR OF THE ENOLA GAY.
- 00:33:37.130 --> 00:33:39.080
- AND IN THESE, IT'S INTERESTING WHAT HE SAYS,
- 00:33:39.100 --> 00:33:41.140
- AND LET ME READ A PORTION.
- 00:33:41.160 --> 00:33:43.050
- HE SAYS "MOST PEOPLE DO NOT RECALL WHY WE DROPPED
- 00:33:43.070 --> 00:33:45.040
- THE ATOMIC BOMBS.
- 00:33:45.060 --> 00:33:46.180
- IT WAS FORGOTTEN AFTER 64 YEARS."
- 00:33:46.200 --> 00:33:48.210
- SO IT TELLS YOU WHEN HE WROTE IT. 64 YEARS.
- 00:33:48.230 --> 00:33:51.060
- "ONLY REMEMBERING THE LARGE CASUALTIES THEY CAUSED.
- 00:33:51.080 --> 00:33:54.070
- WE DROPPED THE BOMBS TO END THE WAR AND STOP THE
- 00:33:54.090 --> 00:33:56.290
- KILLING BY DESTROYING MILITARY AND MILITARY
- 00:33:57.010 --> 00:33:59.020
- SUPPORT FACILITIES DEFENDING AGAINST AN
- 00:33:59.040 --> 00:34:01.210
- INVASION. EARLIER, WE DROPPED MILLIONS OF LEAFLETS
- 00:34:01.230 --> 00:34:05.040
- WHICH WERE LARGELY IGNORED."
- 00:34:05.060 --> 00:34:07.150
- NOW THE REASON IT'S SIGNIFICANT IS HE'S
- 00:34:07.170 --> 00:34:08.200
- REMINDING PEOPLE WE WARNED THEM.
- 00:34:08.220 --> 00:34:12.130
- MILLIONS OF LEAFLETS THAT WERE DROPPED.
- 00:34:12.150 --> 00:34:15.140
- THIS WASN'T SOME ARBITRARY ATTACK OF HOW
- 00:34:15.160 --> 00:34:17.280
- CAN WE BE DESTRUCTIVE AND DO SOMETHING THAT MIGHT
- 00:34:18.000 --> 00:34:21.080
- BE BAD, ALTHOUGH THAT IS PART OF HOW IT'S
- 00:34:21.100 --> 00:34:24.040
- PORTRAYED IN SOME OF MODERN ACADEMIA.
- 00:34:24.060 --> 00:34:27.020
- NOW, CERTAINLY NOT ALL ACADEMICS WOULD PROMOTE
- 00:34:27.040 --> 00:34:29.240
- THAT, BUT IT'S EVEN SOMETHING WE SAW,
- 00:34:29.260 --> 00:34:32.230
- IF YOU BACK UP TO THE 2014 A.P. U.S. HISTORY STANDARDS.
- 00:34:32.250 --> 00:34:38.030
- SO FOR A.P. HISTORY, IF YOU'RE IN HIGH SCHOOL,
- 00:34:38.050 --> 00:34:40.140
- IF YOU ARE A BRIGHT STUDENT, YOU MIGHT TAKE YOUR A.P.
- 00:34:40.160 --> 00:34:43.000
- COURSES. IF YOU TAKE THE A.P. HISTORY COURSE,
- 00:34:43.020 --> 00:34:45.180
- THE SECTION THAT COVERS WORLD WAR II,
- 00:34:45.200 --> 00:34:48.120
- THIS IS THE ENTIRE SECTION THAT COVERS WORLD WAR II.
- 00:34:48.140 --> 00:34:51.160
- - NOW, GUESS WHAT?
- 00:34:51.180 --> 00:34:54.060
- HITLER IS NOT MENTIONED ONCE.
- 00:34:54.080 --> 00:34:56.030
- THE HOLOCAUST IS NOT MENTIONED ONCE.
- 00:34:56.050 --> 00:34:59.040
- D-DAY IS NOT MENTIONED ONCE.
- 00:34:59.060 --> 00:35:01.080
- IWO JIMA IS NOT MENTIONED ONCE.
- 00:35:01.100 --> 00:35:04.020
- PATTON-- AND THAT'S PATTON'S FLAG THAT WAS ON
- 00:35:04.040 --> 00:35:05.290
- HIS CASKET. THAT'S A FOUR STAR FLAG.
- 00:35:06.010 --> 00:35:07.180
- PATTON IS NOT MENTIONED.
- 00:35:07.200 --> 00:35:09.010
- EISENHOWER IS NOT MENTIONED.
- 00:35:09.030 --> 00:35:10.030
- TRUMAN IS NOT MENTIONED.
- 00:35:10.050 --> 00:35:11.140
- NIMITZ IS NOT MENTIONED.
- 00:35:11.160 --> 00:35:12.250
- WHAT HAPPENED TO ALL THE GUYS?
- 00:35:12.270 --> 00:35:15.100
- - BUT WHAT IS MENTIONED IS THEY SAID THERE WAS
- 00:35:15.120 --> 00:35:17.210
- INTERNMENTS OF JAPANESE AMERICANS, CHALLENGES TO
- 00:35:17.230 --> 00:35:20.140
- CIVIL LIBERTIES, DEBATES OVER RACE AND SEGREGATION
- 00:35:20.160 --> 00:35:23.040
- AND THE DECISION TO DROP THE ATOMIC BOMB RAISED
- 00:35:23.060 --> 00:35:25.120
- QUESTIONS ABOUT AMERICAN VALUES.
- 00:35:25.140 --> 00:35:28.080
- NOW HERE'S WHAT'S CRAZY.
- 00:35:28.100 --> 00:35:30.060
- YOU COULD GO THROUGH AN A.P. HISTORY CLASS TODAY
- 00:35:30.080 --> 00:35:33.250
- AND LEAVE THINKING AMERICA WAS THE BAD GUY
- 00:35:33.270 --> 00:35:36.070
- FROM WORLD WAR II. WHY?
- 00:35:36.090 --> 00:35:38.100
- BECAUSE WE DIDN'T KNOW ANYBODY ELSE.
- 00:35:38.120 --> 00:35:39.280
- NOW THIS WAS 2014 STANDARDS.
- 00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:41.290
- THIS WAS SO BAD AMERICANS CRIED OUT, SAID YOU'VE
- 00:35:42.010 --> 00:35:44.120
- GOT TO CHANGE IT.
- 00:35:44.140 --> 00:35:46.000
- SO HERE'S THE 2015 STANDARD FOR WORLD WAR II.
- 00:35:46.020 --> 00:35:48.270
- IN THE 2015 STANDARDS, THEY DO MENTION THE
- 00:35:48.290 --> 00:35:53.090
- HOLOCAUST, AND THEY DO MENTION HITLER, BUT THEY
- 00:35:53.110 --> 00:35:57.030
- STILL KEEP ALL THE NEGATIVE THINGS ABOUT AMERICA.
- 00:35:57.050 --> 00:35:59.200
- WHEN WE TELL HISTORY IN SUCH A WAY THAT YOU COULD
- 00:35:59.220 --> 00:36:01.180
- LEAVE THINKING AMERICA WAS THE BAD GUY OF WORLD
- 00:36:01.200 --> 00:36:04.020
- WAR II, WE'RE DOING A DISSERVICE TO EVERY YOUNG
- 00:36:04.040 --> 00:36:06.290
- PERSON. BUT THIS IS PART OF WHAT WE HAVE
- 00:36:07.010 --> 00:36:10.140
- FORGOTTEN IN HISTORY.
- 00:36:10.160 --> 00:36:11.260
- THIS IS ONE OF THE REASONS THAT DAYS LIKE
- 00:36:11.280 --> 00:36:14.200
- MEMORIAL DAY ARE SO IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT
- 00:36:14.220 --> 00:36:17.030
- ALLOWS THE OPPORTUNITY TO RETELL SOME OF THESE
- 00:36:17.050 --> 00:36:19.070
- FORGOTTEN STORIES, TO HELP REMIND ESPECIALLY
- 00:36:19.090 --> 00:36:22.250
- THE NEXT GENERATION OF THE PRICE THAT WAS PAID
- 00:36:22.270 --> 00:36:25.250
- FOR THE FREEDOMS, THE BENEFITS, THE LUXURIES
- 00:36:25.270 --> 00:36:28.190
- YOU GET TO ENJOY, AND THIS IS CERTAINLY
- 00:36:28.210 --> 00:36:30.260
- SOMETHING THAT WE JUST, WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE NEXT
- 00:36:30.280 --> 00:36:33.230
- GENERATION, WE JUST DON'T KNOW MUCH APART FROM
- 00:36:33.250 --> 00:36:36.200
- TECHNOLOGY, RIGHT?
- 00:36:36.220 --> 00:36:38.170
- REALLY TECH SAVVY, NOT REAL GOOD WHEN IT COMES
- 00:36:38.190 --> 00:36:40.240
- TO HISTORY, ESPECIALLY WHEN IT COMES TO MILITARY
- 00:36:40.260 --> 00:36:42.170
- HISTORY OR EVEN WHAT OUR NATION LARGELY IS ABOUT.
- 00:36:42.190 --> 00:36:46.140
- - AND WHILE WE TODAY CAN IDENTIFY THE PATTON KIND
- 00:36:46.160 --> 00:36:50.080
- OF GUYS, WHICH IS GOOD, VERY FEW PEOPLE CAN
- 00:36:50.100 --> 00:36:54.080
- IDENTIFY THE JOHN BASILONES AND CHAPLAIN GOODE,
- 00:36:54.100 --> 00:36:57.290
- AND IT'S SO MANY OF THESE SMALLER GUYS THAT REALLY
- 00:36:58.010 --> 00:37:02.050
- MAKE THE HEART OF WHAT AMERICA IS AND WHAT
- 00:37:02.070 --> 00:37:04.260
- AMERICA DID AND WHAT ALLOWS US TO BE FREE AMERICANS.
- 00:37:04.280 --> 00:37:08.020
- I MEAN, IT IS GOOD WE'VE GOT THESE LEADERS, AND
- 00:37:08.040 --> 00:37:10.070
- EISENHOWER, AND NIMITZ AND THE OTHERS, BUT IT'S
- 00:37:10.090 --> 00:37:13.050
- THESE GUYS DOWN HERE THAT ARE SO SIGNIFICANT THAT
- 00:37:13.070 --> 00:37:16.170
- WE DON'T GET THE STORY ABOUT IN HISTORY TODAY.
- 00:37:16.190 --> 00:37:19.090
- [MUSIC]
- 00:37:19.110 --> 00:37:29.110
- - SO SPEAKING OF UNSUNG HEROES, ONE OF THOSE
- 00:37:29.130 --> 00:37:31.020
- UNSUNG HEROES IS ED HARRELL.
- 00:37:31.040 --> 00:37:33.110
- ED HARRELL IS A VETERAN FROM WORLD WAR II.
- 00:37:33.130 --> 00:37:35.170
- HE IS A SURVIVOR OF THE SINGLE LARGEST LOSS OF
- 00:37:35.190 --> 00:37:38.270
- LIFE IN ANY SINGLE SHIP IN AMERICAN HISTORY.
- 00:37:38.290 --> 00:37:41.200
- HIS SHIP, THE U.S.S. INDIANAPOLIS, WAS SUNK
- 00:37:41.220 --> 00:37:43.180
- IN WORLD WAR II.
- 00:37:43.200 --> 00:37:45.040
- IT'S A VERY SIGNIFICANT EVENT THAT SHIP WAS PART
- 00:37:45.060 --> 00:37:47.110
- OF AND A VERY SIGNIFICANT STORY THAT ED HAS TO TELL
- 00:37:47.130 --> 00:37:50.090
- US. WE WERE RECENTLY WITH ED IN TENNESSEE.
- 00:37:50.110 --> 00:37:52.140
- HERE'S HIS STORY.
- 00:37:52.160 --> 00:37:54.090
- [MUSIC]
- 00:37:54.110 --> 00:38:00.280
- [MUSIC]
- 00:38:00.280 --> 00:38:08.150
- - WE'RE IN CLARKESVILLE, TENNESSEE.
- 00:38:08.170 --> 00:38:10.060
- WE'RE AT THE HOME OF VETERAN EDGAR HARRELL
- 00:38:10.080 --> 00:38:12.180
- FROM WORLD WAR II.
- 00:38:12.200 --> 00:38:14.060
- THANK YOU FOR INVITING US INTO YOUR HOME.
- 00:38:14.080 --> 00:38:16.260
- YOU WERE PART OF WORLD WAR II.
- 00:38:16.280 --> 00:38:19.270
- YOU WERE ON THE U.S.S.
- 00:38:19.290 --> 00:38:21.200
- INDIANAPOLIS, WHICH IS THE SINGLE GREATEST
- 00:38:21.220 --> 00:38:23.130
- LOSS OF LIFE FOR ANY SINGLE SHIP IN NAVAL HISTORY.
- 00:38:23.150 --> 00:38:27.260
- HOW OLD WERE YOU AT THE TIME?
- 00:38:27.280 --> 00:38:30.050
- - WELL, I VOLUNTEERED IN THE MARINE CORPS
- 00:38:30.070 --> 00:38:32.080
- WHEN I WAS 17 YEARS OLD.
- 00:38:32.100 --> 00:38:34.220
- I'M ALREADY IN THE MARINES FOR A PERIOD OF
- 00:38:34.240 --> 00:38:36.270
- TIME BEFORE THE SINKING OF THE INDIANAPOLIS,
- 00:38:36.290 --> 00:38:41.050
- WHICH HAPPENED JULY 30, 1945.
- 00:38:41.070 --> 00:38:44.270
- - HELP US PUT IN PERSPECTIVE WHAT THE
- 00:38:44.290 --> 00:38:47.160
- INDIANAPOLIS WAS ABOUT, WHAT IT WAS DOING.
- 00:38:47.180 --> 00:38:49.140
- WHAT'S THE OVERALL PICTURE OF THE
- 00:38:49.160 --> 00:38:50.290
- INDIANAPOLIS.
- 00:38:51.010 --> 00:38:52.100
- - WELL, OF COURSE, MUCH, MUCH MORE THAN
- 00:38:52.120 --> 00:38:54.200
- JUST TAKING THE ATOMIC BOMB OVER.
- 00:38:54.220 --> 00:38:59.210
- WHEN I WENT ABOARD, OF COURSE I WENT TO SAI
- 00:38:59.230 --> 00:39:02.220
- PAN, TEN AN, GUAM.
- 00:39:02.240 --> 00:39:06.020
- I WAS AT OKINAWA WHERE WE RECEIVED A KAMIKAZE
- 00:39:06.040 --> 00:39:09.130
- PLANE AND LOST SEVERAL BOYS.
- 00:39:09.150 --> 00:39:12.180
- AND BECAUSE OF THAT, WE HAD TO COME BACK TO THE
- 00:39:12.200 --> 00:39:14.250
- STATES FOR REPAIR, AND THEN AFTER REPAIR, THEN
- 00:39:14.270 --> 00:39:18.040
- WE GET THE TOP SECRET CARGO.
- 00:39:18.060 --> 00:39:20.260
- - WE KNOW FROM HISTORY THAT IT WAS PREDICTED
- 00:39:20.280 --> 00:39:24.210
- THAT IF WE HAD TO INVADE JAPAN, IT WOULD
- 00:39:24.230 --> 00:39:27.220
- COST MILLIONS OF LIVES, AND SO WHAT YOU GUYS
- 00:39:27.240 --> 00:39:31.200
- DID WITH THE INDIANAPOLIS, TO TAKE
- 00:39:31.220 --> 00:39:34.140
- THE ATOMIC BOMB OVER -- WHICH IS THE ONE THAT
- 00:39:34.160 --> 00:39:36.230
- YOU CARRIED OVER?
- 00:39:36.250 --> 00:39:38.150
- - LITTLE BOY.
- 00:39:38.170 --> 00:39:40.010
- - LITTLE BOY, SO THAT WAS THE FIRST ONE THAT
- 00:39:40.030 --> 00:39:41.120
- WAS DROPPED.
- 00:39:41.140 --> 00:39:42.270
- - THAT WAS THE FIRST TO DROP AT HIROSHIMA.
- 00:39:42.290 --> 00:39:44.140
- - THAT'S WHAT YOU WERE CARING AT THE TIME IN
- 00:39:44.160 --> 00:39:45.240
- THE INDIANAPOLIS.
- 00:39:45.260 --> 00:39:47.070
- - THAT'S AND HAST URANIUM THAT AMERICA
- 00:39:47.090 --> 00:39:48.210
- OWNED AT THAT TIME.
- 00:39:48.230 --> 00:39:50.180
- - SO YOU SUCCESSFULLY DELIVERED ALL THE STUFF
- 00:39:50.200 --> 00:39:53.250
- FOR THE ATOMIC BOMB.
- 00:39:53.270 --> 00:39:55.130
- AS YOU COME BACK, THE NIGHT YOU GET HIT,
- 00:39:55.150 --> 00:39:58.260
- YOU'RE SLEEPING UNDER THE TURRET OUT ON THE
- 00:39:58.280 --> 00:40:02.160
- -- THE FIRST TURRET ON THE DECK.
- 00:40:02.180 --> 00:40:04.210
- WITHIN 12 MINUTES, THE SHIP IS GONE.
- 00:40:04.230 --> 00:40:07.200
- DESCRIBE THOSE 12 MINUTES BECAUSE YOU
- 00:40:07.220 --> 00:40:09.100
- WERE SOUND ASLEEP, AND 12 MINUTES LATER,
- 00:40:09.120 --> 00:40:11.150
- THERE'S NO SHIP ANYMORE.
- 00:40:11.170 --> 00:40:13.060
- - SINCE WE HAD DELIVERED OUR CARGO,
- 00:40:13.080 --> 00:40:15.280
- THE CAPTAIN CAME ON THE SPEAKER AT THE CHANGE
- 00:40:16.000 --> 00:40:19.130
- OF THE WATCH IN THE EVENING AND SAID,
- 00:40:19.150 --> 00:40:23.170
- YOU'RE WELCOME TO COME TOP SIDE AND SLEEP
- 00:40:23.190 --> 00:40:25.180
- RIGHT OUT ON THE OPEN DECK.
- 00:40:25.200 --> 00:40:27.210
- I MADE MY PALETTE, AND THEN THAT FIRST
- 00:40:27.230 --> 00:40:30.200
- TORPEDO, I JUST KNEW THAT THE BOW OF THE
- 00:40:30.220 --> 00:40:34.150
- SHIP WAS CUT OFF.
- 00:40:34.170 --> 00:40:36.210
- AND THEN THE SECOND ONE WAS BACK CLOSE TO THE
- 00:40:36.230 --> 00:40:40.180
- NUMBER TWO TURRET, AND THE MAGAZINE UNDER THE
- 00:40:40.200 --> 00:40:43.090
- TURRET EXPLODED AND WENT THROUGH THE
- 00:40:43.110 --> 00:40:45.110
- TOP OF THAT TURRET.
- 00:40:45.130 --> 00:40:49.020
- AND YOU COULD FEEL AND HEAR ALL OF THAT WATER
- 00:40:49.040 --> 00:40:52.170
- COMING IN BELOW DECK.
- 00:40:52.190 --> 00:40:54.170
- THOSE FOUR BIG SCREWS ARE STILL PUSHING,
- 00:40:54.190 --> 00:40:57.060
- PUSHING, PUSHING, AND YOU COULD JUST KNOW
- 00:40:57.080 --> 00:41:01.000
- THAT SOMETHING DOWN BELOW IS HAPPENING.
- 00:41:01.020 --> 00:41:03.230
- WELL, IT'S THE BULK HEADS DOWN THERE JUST
- 00:41:03.250 --> 00:41:06.110
- CAVING IN, AND BEFORE I COULD GET BACK MID SHIP
- 00:41:06.130 --> 00:41:10.220
- TO MY EMERGENCY STATION, THE FIRST
- 00:41:10.240 --> 00:41:13.170
- HUNDRED YARDS OF THE SHIP IS UNDER.
- 00:41:13.190 --> 00:41:15.260
- IT'S LISTING TO THE STARBOARD SO THAT
- 00:41:15.280 --> 00:41:18.160
- NORMALLY, THE QUARTER DECK WOULD BE EIGHT
- 00:41:18.180 --> 00:41:20.290
- FEET ABOVE THE WATER LINE, BUT THERE'S WATER
- 00:41:21.010 --> 00:41:23.270
- ON THE QUARTER DECK.
- 00:41:23.290 --> 00:41:25.290
- AND WE KNOW THAT THE SHIP IS SINKING, BUT
- 00:41:26.010 --> 00:41:29.100
- FINALLY, WORD THEN TRICKLES DOWN.
- 00:41:29.120 --> 00:41:32.010
- IT'S LIKE AN ECHO, "ABANDON SHIP!
- 00:41:32.030 --> 00:41:35.120
- ABANDON SHIP." AND YOU COULD SEE IT COMING
- 00:41:35.140 --> 00:41:39.130
- DOWN AND HEAR IT, DIFFERENT ONES FROM
- 00:41:39.150 --> 00:41:42.000
- DIFFERENT STATIONS.
- 00:41:42.020 --> 00:41:44.020
- I'M HOLDING ONTO THE RAIL, AND I OFTENTIMES
- 00:41:44.040 --> 00:41:46.260
- SAY THERE'S TIMES WHEN YOU PRAY, AND THERE'S
- 00:41:46.280 --> 00:41:50.230
- TIMES WHEN YOU PRAY ! AND I'M PRAYING.
- 00:41:50.250 --> 00:41:55.140
- I KNEW TO WHOM I WAS PRAYING, AND I TOLD HIM
- 00:41:55.160 --> 00:41:58.280
- -- YOU KNOW, I DON'T WANT TO DIE.
- 00:41:59.000 --> 00:42:03.170
- MOM AND DAD BACK HOME, SIX YOUNGER BROTHERS,
- 00:42:03.190 --> 00:42:06.290
- OLDER SISTER AND A YOUNGER SISTER AND A
- 00:42:07.010 --> 00:42:09.040
- CERTAIN BRUNETTE THAT SAID THAT SHE WOULD
- 00:42:09.060 --> 00:42:12.090
- WAIT FOR ME.
- 00:42:12.110 --> 00:42:14.150
- I DON'T SAY THAT THE LORD SPOKE TO ME, THAT
- 00:42:14.170 --> 00:42:18.120
- I COULD HEAR AUDIBLY, BUT I KNEW HE WAS
- 00:42:18.140 --> 00:42:21.190
- TALKING TO ME.
- 00:42:21.210 --> 00:42:24.070
- I COULD HEAR THE WORDS, "I'LL NEVER LEAVE YOU
- 00:42:24.090 --> 00:42:26.120
- NOR FORSAKE YOU.
- 00:42:26.140 --> 00:42:28.080
- PEACE I GIVE UNTO YOU, NOT AS THE WORLD
- 00:42:28.100 --> 00:42:30.270
- GIVETH, GIVE I UNTO YOU.
- 00:42:30.290 --> 00:42:32.200
- LET NOT YOUR HEARTS BE TROUBLED.
- 00:42:32.220 --> 00:42:35.170
- DON'T BE AFRAID." AND WITH THAT JUST RINGING
- 00:42:35.190 --> 00:42:38.270
- IN MY EARS NEARLY, I KNEW THAT THE LORD WAS
- 00:42:38.290 --> 00:42:43.260
- SPEAKING TO ME, I'M GOING TO MAKE IT.
- 00:42:43.280 --> 00:42:46.090
- I CERTAINLY DIDN'T KNOW I'M GOING TO BE OUT
- 00:42:46.110 --> 00:42:49.020
- THERE ANOTHER NEARLY FIVE DAYS, BUT I
- 00:42:49.040 --> 00:42:53.110
- CLIMBED OVER THE RAIL AND JUMPED INTO THE
- 00:42:53.130 --> 00:42:56.060
- WATER FEET FIRST.
- 00:42:56.080 --> 00:42:58.050
- MY KAYPOK JACKET CAME UP OVER MY HEAD, AND I
- 00:42:58.070 --> 00:43:01.120
- MADE MY WAY, THEN, OUT TO THE FIRST GROUP OUT THERE.
- 00:43:01.140 --> 00:43:06.020
- MANY INJURED, WE'RE LOSING BOYS EVERY
- 00:43:06.040 --> 00:43:08.100
- LITTLE BIT BECAUSE OF INJURIES.
- 00:43:08.120 --> 00:43:11.120
- AND THEN DAYLIGHT COMES, AND YOU COULD
- 00:43:11.140 --> 00:43:14.220
- LOOK OUT AT ANY TIME, AND YOU COULD SEE A BIG
- 00:43:14.240 --> 00:43:17.110
- FIN OUT THERE GOING AROUND.
- 00:43:17.130 --> 00:43:20.190
- AND IN FAIRNESS TO THE SHARKS, THEY WEREN'T
- 00:43:20.210 --> 00:43:22.290
- ATTACKING US, BUT JUST LET SOMEONE GET OUT BY
- 00:43:23.010 --> 00:43:27.040
- HIMSELF, AND EVERY LITTLE BIT YOU'D SEE A
- 00:43:27.060 --> 00:43:29.210
- STRAGGLER OUT THERE, AND ALL OF THE SUDDEN,
- 00:43:29.230 --> 00:43:32.170
- YOU'D HEAR A BLOOD CURDLING SCREAM, AND
- 00:43:32.190 --> 00:43:35.130
- YOU'D SEE THAT BODY GO UNDER, AND THEN LIKE A
- 00:43:35.150 --> 00:43:39.050
- FISH CORK, THAT KAPOK WOULD BRING IT TO THE SURFACE.
- 00:43:39.070 --> 00:43:42.250
- NOW HE'S GOING TO BE WITH YOU, THOUGH, IN
- 00:43:42.270 --> 00:43:45.160
- THAT HOT SUNNY WEATHER.
- 00:43:45.180 --> 00:43:48.200
- HE MAY BE WITH YOU THE NEXT FIVE DAYS.
- 00:43:48.220 --> 00:43:51.250
- THAT 110 DEGREE SUN, YOU'RE BAREHEADED, AND
- 00:43:51.270 --> 00:43:54.190
- YOU'RE SWIMMING.
- 00:43:54.210 --> 00:43:56.190
- IT IS DECOMPOSING WITH YOU, AND THEY'RE
- 00:43:56.210 --> 00:44:01.020
- BUMPING INTO YOU LEAVING THAT RESIDUE ON YOU.
- 00:44:01.040 --> 00:44:05.070
- YOU'RE DESPERATE FOR WATER.
- 00:44:05.090 --> 00:44:08.150
- THE SECOND DAY, WHEN WE WERE SO THIRSTY THAT
- 00:44:08.170 --> 00:44:12.130
- BOYS WITH DARE TO DRINK SALT WATER.
- 00:44:12.150 --> 00:44:15.230
- THEY'D TEAR OFF SOME OF THEIR CLOTHING AND PUT
- 00:44:15.250 --> 00:44:19.010
- SOME WATER UP IN A PIECE OF CLOTH AND PUT
- 00:44:19.030 --> 00:44:21.170
- THEIR HEAD ON IT AND DRINK SOME SALT WATER.
- 00:44:21.190 --> 00:44:24.140
- BUT WITHIN THE HOUR -- YOU COULD NEARLY TIME
- 00:44:24.160 --> 00:44:27.190
- IT -- WITHIN THE HOUR, THEY DON'T KNOW
- 00:44:27.210 --> 00:44:30.150
- STRAIGHT UP, AND HERE WE ARE DOWN MAYBE 25 OR
- 00:44:30.170 --> 00:44:36.020
- 30 BOYS THAT ARE GONE OUT OF THE 80 NOW.
- 00:44:36.040 --> 00:44:40.040
- - IN YOUR GROUP, THERE'S 80.
- 00:44:40.060 --> 00:44:43.080
- YOU START WITH 80 IN YOUR GROUP.
- 00:44:43.100 --> 00:44:45.080
- - JUST IN MY GROUP. - JUST IN YOUR GROUP?
- 00:44:45.100 --> 00:44:46.290
- - THAT'S RIGHT.
- 00:44:47.010 --> 00:44:48.210
- WORD DIDN'T GET OFF THE SHIP.
- 00:44:48.230 --> 00:44:51.150
- THEY WOULD SAY THAT HAD RECEIVED A TORPEDO, BUT
- 00:44:51.170 --> 00:44:54.270
- WE SAW SOMETHING OUT THERE, AND IT APPEARED
- 00:44:54.290 --> 00:44:59.270
- TO BE A LITTLE RAFT, AND OF COURSE YOU
- 00:44:59.290 --> 00:45:02.140
- HOLLER, AND THEY BACK AT YOU.
- 00:45:02.160 --> 00:45:04.210
- UNTIL THAT LITTLE RAFT GOT CLOSE ENOUGH, WE
- 00:45:04.230 --> 00:45:08.180
- COULD SEE THAT THERE WERE FIVE SAILORS
- 00:45:08.200 --> 00:45:11.160
- AROUND THAT RAFT, AND AS THEY CAME IN, WE
- 00:45:11.180 --> 00:45:15.030
- COULD SEE NO ONE IS ON THE RAFT, BUT FIVE
- 00:45:15.050 --> 00:45:18.140
- SAILORS ARE AROUND IT.
- 00:45:18.160 --> 00:45:20.150
- WELL, WHAT WAS ON THE RAFT, THE ONE THING
- 00:45:20.170 --> 00:45:23.060
- THAT WE DESPERATELY NEEDED, WHICH WAS A
- 00:45:23.080 --> 00:45:25.160
- KAPOK CLAP JACKET.
- 00:45:25.180 --> 00:45:27.270
- THEY HAD TAKEN KAPOK JACKETS OFF OF BOYS
- 00:45:27.290 --> 00:45:30.000
- THAT ALREADY EXPIRED.
- 00:45:30.020 --> 00:45:32.020
- THE FIRST THING THEY TELL US, TAKE OFF YOUR
- 00:45:32.040 --> 00:45:34.280
- KAPOK JACKET, AND WE'D TAKE IT OFF, AND TWO
- 00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:37.190
- BOYS WOULD SQUEEZE OUT OPPOSITE DIRECTION, PUT
- 00:45:37.210 --> 00:45:41.040
- IT UP ON THAT RAFT.
- 00:45:41.060 --> 00:45:43.000
- THAT 110 DEGREE SUN IS DRYING THAT KAPOK OUT.
- 00:45:43.020 --> 00:45:47.190
- SO HERE WE ARE, AND NOW WE'RE IN THE
- 00:45:47.210 --> 00:45:49.210
- FOURTH DAY. MORE DEAD.
- 00:45:49.230 --> 00:45:53.130
- I DON'T KNOW WHERE THE RAFT IS.
- 00:45:53.150 --> 00:45:55.150
- I'VE DRIFTED AWAY FROM THAT, AND NOW THERE'S
- 00:45:55.170 --> 00:45:59.260
- DEBRIS EVERYWHERE OUT THERE.
- 00:45:59.280 --> 00:46:02.250
- AND AGAIN, WE SEE THOSE B-29s AT 30.000 FEET,
- 00:46:02.270 --> 00:46:07.150
- BUT NO ONE'S LOOKING FOR US.
- 00:46:07.170 --> 00:46:09.180
- AND THEN I LOOK AT THIS ONE SAILOR, AND I SAW
- 00:46:09.200 --> 00:46:13.090
- IN HIM WHAT I HAD SEEN SO MANY DO, AND I WENT
- 00:46:13.110 --> 00:46:17.010
- OVER AND SHOOK HIM BECAUSE HIS HEAD WAS
- 00:46:17.030 --> 00:46:18.260
- DROPPING IN THE WATER.
- 00:46:18.280 --> 00:46:20.180
- HE RAISED UP, BUT HE COULD NEARLY CARE LESS.
- 00:46:20.200 --> 00:46:23.160
- THE SECOND TIME I DID THAT, HE'S STILL ALIVE.
- 00:46:23.180 --> 00:46:27.270
- THE THIRD TIME, IT'S TOO LATE, SO IT'S JUST
- 00:46:27.290 --> 00:46:30.030
- MCKISSICK AND MYSELF.
- 00:46:30.050 --> 00:46:32.080
- AND THEN ALL OF THE SUDDEN -- I CAN
- 00:46:32.100 --> 00:46:35.150
- HEAR IT TODAY -- ALL OF THE SUDDEN,
- 00:46:35.170 --> 00:46:37.220
- "LOOK! LOOK! I SEE A PLANE! I HEAR A PLANE!"
- 00:46:37.240 --> 00:46:41.240
- AND I COULD HEAR A PLANE, AND I LOOKED AND
- 00:46:41.260 --> 00:46:44.290
- LOOKED AND LOOKED.
- 00:46:45.010 --> 00:46:47.000
- LIEUTENANT GUINN FLYING THAT VENTURA -- I CALL
- 00:46:47.020 --> 00:46:50.260
- IT A B-25 WITH WHEELS ON IT -- FLYING OUT OF PALOU.
- 00:46:50.280 --> 00:46:54.270
- HE HAD BEEN UP SOME 5.000 FEET.
- 00:46:54.290 --> 00:46:58.150
- HE'S HAVING TROUBLE WITH HIS RADIO ANTENNA.
- 00:46:58.170 --> 00:47:01.150
- HE CALLS THE COPILOT.
- 00:47:01.170 --> 00:47:03.200
- HE SAID, "TAKE OVER CONTROL.
- 00:47:03.220 --> 00:47:05.250
- I'M GOING TO GO AFT AND PULL IN MY RADIO
- 00:47:05.270 --> 00:47:09.090
- ANTENNA." THE STABILIZER ON THAT HAD COME OFF,
- 00:47:09.110 --> 00:47:15.190
- AND HE WAS GOING TO PUT A SOCK OR SOMETHING ON IT.
- 00:47:15.210 --> 00:47:18.290
- BUT AS HE TURNED IT OVER TO THE COPILOT AND
- 00:47:19.010 --> 00:47:21.250
- GOES AFT, HE LOOKS THROUGH THE BOMB BAY
- 00:47:21.270 --> 00:47:25.210
- DOOR, AND HE GLANCES DOWN AT THE WATER.
- 00:47:25.230 --> 00:47:29.050
- HE SAW THE OIL ON THAT WATER.
- 00:47:29.070 --> 00:47:31.190
- THE SUN HIT THAT, AND THAT TOLD LIEUTENANT
- 00:47:31.210 --> 00:47:34.180
- GUINN, THERE'S A JAP SUB DOWN THERE.
- 00:47:34.200 --> 00:47:38.030
- HE LOADED HIS BOMBS.
- 00:47:38.050 --> 00:47:40.020
- HE'S COMING IN ON A BOMBING RUN.
- 00:47:40.040 --> 00:47:42.150
- WE SEE HIM, "LOOK! HE'S COMING IN!"
- 00:47:42.170 --> 00:47:45.080
- WE'RE WAVING AND SPLASHING, BUT WHEN HE
- 00:47:45.100 --> 00:47:47.210
- GETS DOWN UNDER 500 FEET OR SO, HE SEES
- 00:47:47.230 --> 00:47:51.190
- BOYS AS FAR AS HIS EYES COULD TAKE HIM.
- 00:47:51.210 --> 00:47:55.100
- AND LATER, HE SAID, "YOU WERE SCATTERED
- 00:47:55.120 --> 00:47:57.220
- OVER 25 MILES." BUT I SEE HIM TODAY AS
- 00:47:57.240 --> 00:48:02.190
- HE CAME DOWN OVER MCKISSICK AND MYSELF.
- 00:48:02.210 --> 00:48:05.090
- HE'S CIRCLING.
- 00:48:05.110 --> 00:48:07.170
- I CAN SEE HIM TODAY IN THAT COCKPIT.
- 00:48:07.190 --> 00:48:09.220
- HE'S SAYING, I KNOW YOU'RE DOWN THERE.
- 00:48:09.240 --> 00:48:13.200
- DON'T KNOW WHO YOU ARE.
- 00:48:13.220 --> 00:48:15.210
- BUT HE GOES BACK UP, AND HE HAS TO GO UP
- 00:48:15.230 --> 00:48:19.050
- FIVE TO SEVEN THOUSAND FEET BEFORE HIS RADIO
- 00:48:19.070 --> 00:48:22.210
- WOULD REACH BACK AT PALOU.
- 00:48:22.230 --> 00:48:24.290
- HE DOES SO, AND HE ANNOUNCED, "DUCKS ON THE POND."
- 00:48:25.010 --> 00:48:29.090
- HE GIVES THEM OUR COORDINATES.
- 00:48:29.110 --> 00:48:32.100
- HE GETS HOLD OF ADRIAN MARX, A PILOT OF THE P.B.Y.
- 00:48:32.120 --> 00:48:36.080
- MARX SAYS, "WE'RE GASSED UP.
- 00:48:36.100 --> 00:48:38.240
- WE'RE READY TO COME.
- 00:48:38.260 --> 00:48:41.140
- I HAVE THE LOCATION OUT THERE." HE SAYS HE SAW
- 00:48:41.160 --> 00:48:44.120
- MORE SHARKS THAN HE SAW BOYS, AND THEY SAT THAT
- 00:48:44.140 --> 00:48:48.040
- BIG GOOSE DOWN, AND WHEN I SAY THEY SAT IT
- 00:48:48.060 --> 00:48:50.270
- DOWN, I SAW IT WHEN THIS CAME DOWN.
- 00:48:50.290 --> 00:48:54.270
- AND YOU TALK ABOUT PUTTING A PLANE IN A STALL.
- 00:48:54.290 --> 00:48:59.240
- THAT TAIL WAS DOWN, AND THEY'RE HOLDING
- 00:48:59.260 --> 00:49:04.060
- THOSE TWIN ENGINES UP.
- 00:49:04.080 --> 00:49:06.010
- BUT THAT TAIL CAUGHT AND ON A SWELL AND
- 00:49:06.030 --> 00:49:08.290
- PINCHED THE PLANE.
- 00:49:09.010 --> 00:49:10.180
- ONE ENGINE, ONE MOTOR, WOULD NEVER RUN AGAIN.
- 00:49:10.200 --> 00:49:14.150
- SO HE'S ONLY GOT ONE PROP NOW, AND ALL HE
- 00:49:14.170 --> 00:49:17.240
- CAN DO IS RUN THE SWELLS AND PICK UP
- 00:49:17.260 --> 00:49:21.050
- STRAGGLERS.
- 00:49:21.070 --> 00:49:22.290
- HE CAME DOWN MY TROUGH, AND THEY JUST THROW OUT
- 00:49:23.010 --> 00:49:25.290
- SOMETHING FOR ME TO GRAB HOLD OF.
- 00:49:26.010 --> 00:49:28.200
- I CAME OUT OF MY KAPOK JACKET, AND THEY DRUG
- 00:49:28.220 --> 00:49:30.270
- ME IN THE PLANE.
- 00:49:30.290 --> 00:49:33.030
- AND I MIGHT JUST SAY THEY PICKED UP 56, BUT
- 00:49:33.050 --> 00:49:38.220
- IF YOU KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT THE FUSELAGE OF A
- 00:49:38.240 --> 00:49:40.270
- P.B.Y., YOU WOULD SAY, "IT WON'T HOLD 56." IT WILL
- 00:49:40.290 --> 00:49:45.000
- IF YOU TIE SEVEN OUT ON THE WINGS.
- 00:49:45.020 --> 00:49:48.210
- HE CAN'T TAKE OFF.
- 00:49:48.230 --> 00:49:50.290
- ALL HE CAN DO IS WAIT FOR THE DOYLE TO COME
- 00:49:51.010 --> 00:49:53.130
- IN, AND WHEN THE DOYLE COMES IN, THEY TAKE US
- 00:49:53.150 --> 00:49:56.210
- OUT OF THE PLANE.
- 00:49:56.230 --> 00:49:58.220
- THEY TOOK ME ABOARD THAT DESTROYER AND
- 00:49:58.240 --> 00:50:01.270
- TUCKED ME BELOW DECK AND GAVE ME KEROSENE OR
- 00:50:01.290 --> 00:50:05.050
- DIESEL FUEL BATH TO GET THAT OIL OFF.
- 00:50:05.070 --> 00:50:09.210
- BUT ANY PLACE NEARLY WHERE YOUR FLESH HAD
- 00:50:09.230 --> 00:50:13.110
- RUBBED, NOW IT'S JUST ROTTEN.
- 00:50:13.130 --> 00:50:17.000
- AND WHEN THEY CLEANED THAT OFF, THEN BLOOD,
- 00:50:17.020 --> 00:50:20.060
- BLOOD, BLOOD, AND WHAT CAN YOU PUT ON IT?
- 00:50:20.080 --> 00:50:24.030
- WELL, WOULD YOU LIKE TO BE WRAPPED IN VASELINE GAUZE?
- 00:50:24.050 --> 00:50:29.050
- THAT'S WHAT THEY WERE DOING TO ME, BASICALLY.
- 00:50:29.070 --> 00:50:32.150
- AND THEN FROM THERE, THEY CUT TO A HOSPITAL
- 00:50:32.170 --> 00:50:34.260
- SHIP, THEN, AND I CAME TO GUAM.
- 00:50:34.280 --> 00:50:37.220
- THERE, ON THE SIXTH AUGUST, THERE WAS A
- 00:50:41.120 --> 00:50:45.090
- GENTLEMAN HERE THAT WAS FROM THE LOUISVILLE
- 00:50:45.110 --> 00:50:48.280
- COURIER JOURNAL.
- 00:50:49.000 --> 00:50:51.200
- HE SAID, "HEY, MARINE, DID YOU KNOW WHAT THAT
- 00:50:51.220 --> 00:50:55.010
- CARGO WAS THAT YOU WERE GUARDING?"
- 00:50:55.030 --> 00:50:57.280
- WE SAID, "NO, SIR.
- 00:50:58.000 --> 00:50:59.220
- WE DIDN'T KNOW." HE SAID, "YOU KNOW, TODAY,
- 00:50:59.240 --> 00:51:01.130
- HIROSHIMA." AND THEN THERE'S A FOUR-STAR
- 00:51:01.150 --> 00:51:05.070
- ADMIRAL THAT CAME IN AND SAT ON THE COT NEXT
- 00:51:05.090 --> 00:51:09.160
- TO ME AND TALKED TO ME AND PINNED THE PURPLE
- 00:51:09.180 --> 00:51:14.100
- HEART ON ME.
- 00:51:14.120 --> 00:51:17.070
- - WHEN THE ADMIRAL PUT THAT PURPLE HEART ON
- 00:51:17.090 --> 00:51:19.180
- YOU -- ALL YOU'VE BEEN THROUGH, YOU'RE JUST
- 00:51:19.200 --> 00:51:21.250
- FRESH OUR OF THE WATER, THOSE FIVE DAYS IN THE
- 00:51:21.270 --> 00:51:23.250
- WATER -- WHAT WENT THROUGH YOUR MY BELOVED
- 00:51:23.270 --> 00:51:26.140
- WHEN HE PUT THAT PURPLE HEART ON YOU?
- 00:51:26.160 --> 00:51:28.050
- - I LEARNED TO RESPECT HIM FOR ALL
- 00:51:28.070 --> 00:51:31.260
- THAT I COULD IMAGINE THAT HE'S HAVING TO GO
- 00:51:31.280 --> 00:51:36.180
- THROUGH, ALL THE BATTLES ALL OVER THE PACIFIC.
- 00:51:36.200 --> 00:51:42.010
- WE'RE LOSING BOYS BY THE THOUSANDS,
- 00:51:42.030 --> 00:51:45.020
- LITERALLY THOUSANDS EVERY DAY.
- 00:51:45.040 --> 00:51:48.050
- AND THEN I COULD SEE HIM, AND THEN NOW HE'S
- 00:51:48.070 --> 00:51:53.120
- PINNING THAT PURPLE HEART ON ME.
- 00:51:53.140 --> 00:51:56.150
- HE WISHED ME GODSPEED, SOMETHING LIKE THAT,
- 00:51:56.170 --> 00:52:01.000
- AND THANKED ME FOR EVERYTHING.
- 00:52:01.020 --> 00:52:03.190
- AND HE SALUTED, AND I COULDN'T SALUTE BACK TO HIM.
- 00:52:03.210 --> 00:52:09.120
- OKAY, BUT I CAN SEE IT. I CAN SEE IT TODAY.
- 00:52:09.140 --> 00:52:15.000
- [MUSIC]
- 00:52:15.020 --> 00:52:20.110
- - TALKING ABOUT THESE GUYS RIGHT HERE.
- 00:52:20.130 --> 00:52:22.210
- THESE WERE THE MARINES ON THE INDIANAPOLIS.
- 00:52:22.230 --> 00:52:26.110
- WHICH ONES MADE IT?
- 00:52:26.130 --> 00:52:28.050
- - OKAY, MCCOY, AND THIS GUY,
- 00:52:28.070 --> 00:52:32.170
- AND DOWN HERE HUGHES AND RICH AND ED HARRELL
- 00:52:32.190 --> 00:52:39.140
- RIGHT HERE.
- 00:52:39.160 --> 00:52:41.050
- THAT'S FIVE OUT OF THAT WHOLE GROUP MADE IT.
- 00:52:41.070 --> 00:52:45.190
- - WHO ARE THESE?
- 00:52:45.210 --> 00:52:51.020
- - SPOONER AND REAGAN AND THAT ONE. THOSE JUST
- 00:52:51.040 --> 00:52:58.290
- CAME ABOARD, BUT AFTER THE PICTURE WAS MADE.
- 00:52:59.010 --> 00:53:04.140
- - OKAY.
- 00:53:04.160 --> 00:53:06.110
- - AND SO THESE ARE THE MARINES THAT MADE IT?
- 00:53:06.130 --> 00:53:08.060
- - THOSE ARE THE NINE MARINES THAT MADE IT.
- 00:53:08.080 --> 00:53:10.030
- ALL OF THEM ARE GONE.
- 00:53:10.050 --> 00:53:11.260
- I'M THE LAST MARINE STILL ALIVE.
- 00:53:11.280 --> 00:53:14.050
- [MUSIC]
- 00:53:14.070 --> 00:53:24.160
- - MY NAME IS MARK DURFEE.
- 00:53:24.180 --> 00:53:26.070
- I WAS IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY.
- 00:53:26.090 --> 00:53:27.240
- MEMORIAL DAY TO ME MEANS WHAT MY
- 00:53:27.260 --> 00:53:30.000
- GRANDFATHER SACRIFICED.
- 00:53:30.020 --> 00:53:31.210
- HE WAS TAKEN P.O.W. BY THE GERMANS ON 12 OF '44.
- 00:53:31.230 --> 00:53:35.110
- BETWEEN HIS SACRIFICE AND THE SACRIFICE OF MY
- 00:53:35.130 --> 00:53:37.100
- THIRD GREAT GRANDFATHER ELIAS DURFEE, MADE IT
- 00:53:37.120 --> 00:53:40.250
- THROUGH ANTIETAM, GETTYSBURG, AND THE
- 00:53:40.270 --> 00:53:40.290
- WILDERNESS ONLY TO DIE IN A CONFEDERATE P.O.W.
- 00:53:43.030 --> 00:53:45.070
- CAMP WITH THREE SMALL CHILDREN AT HOME.
- 00:53:45.090 --> 00:53:48.110
- THEIR SACRIFICE AND THEIR SERVICE INSPIRED
- 00:53:48.130 --> 00:53:50.230
- ME TO GO SERVE, AS WELL, AND THAT'S WHAT
- 00:53:50.250 --> 00:53:53.130
- MEMORIAL MEANS TO US.
- 00:53:53.150 --> 00:53:55.110
- - MY NAME IS SARAH COMPTON, AND I AM THE
- 00:53:55.130 --> 00:53:57.210
- SURVIVING SPOUSE OF FIRST SERGEANT
- 00:53:57.230 --> 00:53:59.230
- JONATHAN COMPTON.
- 00:53:59.250 --> 00:54:01.180
- MEMORIAL DAY HAS ALWAYS HAD A GREAT
- 00:54:01.200 --> 00:54:04.000
- SIGNIFICANCE IN OUR FAMILY, EVEN WHEN MY
- 00:54:04.020 --> 00:54:06.090
- HUSBAND WAS LIVING, BUT EVEN MORE SO NOW
- 00:54:06.110 --> 00:54:09.010
- THAT HE'S GONE.
- 00:54:09.030 --> 00:54:10.250
- AND HERE NOW IN THE METROPLEX AREA, WE
- 00:54:10.270 --> 00:54:13.100
- HONOR MY HUSBAND. THERE'S A WALK.
- 00:54:13.120 --> 00:54:18.230
- WE CARRY THE LOAD, AND WE CARRY JONATHAN
- 00:54:18.250 --> 00:54:21.060
- WITH US EVERYWHERE.
- 00:54:21.080 --> 00:54:23.050
- - MY NAME IS KYLE ROGERS.
- 00:54:23.070 --> 00:54:24.290
- I WAS IN THE NAVY FOR FIVE YEARS.
- 00:54:25.010 --> 00:54:26.200
- I WORKED AS A HOSPITAL CORPSMAN.
- 00:54:26.220 --> 00:54:28.020
- I WENT TO AFGHANISTAN TWICE WITH THE THIRD
- 00:54:28.040 --> 00:54:29.160
- COMBAT ENGINEER BATTALION.
- 00:54:29.180 --> 00:54:31.020
- AND NATURALLY BECAUSE OF THAT, THERE'S A
- 00:54:31.040 --> 00:54:33.150
- HANDFUL OF MEN THAT I KNOW PERSONALLY THAT
- 00:54:33.170 --> 00:54:35.290
- AREN'T WITH US ANYMORE.
- 00:54:36.010 --> 00:54:37.210
- SO FOR ME, MEMORIAL DAY IS A TIME TO TAKE A
- 00:54:37.230 --> 00:54:41.030
- MOMENT ASIDE FROM ALL THE CELEBRATIONS AND
- 00:54:41.050 --> 00:54:43.220
- JUST TAKE THE TIME TO RAISE A TOAST TO THEM,
- 00:54:43.240 --> 00:54:47.290
- TELL A FUNNY STORY ABOUT ONE OF THEM AND
- 00:54:48.010 --> 00:54:52.000
- GO ON ENJOYING THE LIBERTIES THAT I GET TO
- 00:54:52.020 --> 00:54:54.170
- ENJOY NOW THAT THEY DON'T GET TO ANYMORE.
- 00:54:54.190 --> 00:54:57.190
- - MY NAME IS TIM. I'M RETIRED AIR FORCE.
- 00:54:57.210 --> 00:55:00.050
- WHAT MEMORIAL MEANS FOR ME IS TIMES TO REMEMBER
- 00:55:00.070 --> 00:55:02.200
- ALL OF THOSE THAT HAVE GIVEN THEIR LIVES IN
- 00:55:02.220 --> 00:55:04.250
- THE PAST FOR THE FREEDOMS THAT A LOT OF
- 00:55:04.270 --> 00:55:07.130
- AMERICANS TAKE FOR GRANTED THESE DAYS.
- 00:55:07.150 --> 00:55:09.250
- IT'S A TIME FOR REMEMBRANCE, ALLOW US
- 00:55:09.270 --> 00:55:11.260
- TO SPEND TIME TOGETHER AS A FAMILY, AND TO GET
- 00:55:11.280 --> 00:55:14.100
- TOGETHER AND JUST ENJOY THE FREEDOMS THAT WE
- 00:55:14.120 --> 00:55:15.290
- HAVE IN AMERICA.
- 00:55:16.010 --> 00:55:17.260
- - I'M DARYLL.
- 00:55:17.280 --> 00:55:19.170
- I'M AN ACTIVE DUTY ARMY CHAPLAIN, AND ONE OF
- 00:55:19.190 --> 00:55:21.160
- THE THINGS WE LIVE BY -- WE NURTURE THE
- 00:55:21.180 --> 00:55:23.290
- LIVING, WE CARE FOR THE FALLEN OR THE WOUNDED,
- 00:55:24.010 --> 00:55:28.000
- AND WE HONOR THE DEAD OR THE FALLEN.
- 00:55:28.020 --> 00:55:30.030
- AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I TRY TO DO AS A
- 00:55:30.050 --> 00:55:32.040
- CHAPLAIN, AND ONE OF THE THINGS I RECOMMEND
- 00:55:32.060 --> 00:55:34.050
- ANYBODY DO AT MEMORIAL DAY, IS JUST REMEMBER.
- 00:55:34.070 --> 00:55:36.110
- SO WHETHER YOU GO TO A NATIONAL
- 00:55:36.130 --> 00:55:38.210
- CEMETERY, WHETHER YOU HAVE A PICNIC WITH YOUR
- 00:55:38.230 --> 00:55:40.220
- FAMILY AND COOK OUT, JUST TAKE A MOMENT AND
- 00:55:40.240 --> 00:55:42.200
- REMEMBER THE SACRIFICE OF THOSE WHO HAVE FALLEN.
- 00:55:42.220 --> 00:55:45.120
- - MY NAME IS BRIAN. I'M A RETIRED U.S. ARMY
- 00:55:45.140 --> 00:55:47.190
- AIRBORNE INFANTRY MAN WITH SIX COMBAT TOURS.
- 00:55:47.210 --> 00:55:50.170
- MEMORIAL DAY IS A VERY DIFFICULT TIME FOR ME
- 00:55:50.190 --> 00:55:53.220
- BECAUSE I DID LOSE MANY GUYS OVER THERE, AND I
- 00:55:53.240 --> 00:55:56.280
- SPEND MEMORIAL DAY HONORING THEIR MEMORY,
- 00:55:57.000 --> 00:56:00.140
- BUT I WANT AMERICANS TO ENJOY THE DAY BECAUSE
- 00:56:00.160 --> 00:56:03.270
- THAT'S WHY WE FOUGHT.
- 00:56:03.290 --> 00:56:06.020
- - I'M REX KING. I'M A NAVY VETERAN COMBAT DISABLED,
- 00:56:06.040 --> 00:56:08.260
- VIETNAM. BOTH OF MY PARENTS SERVED IN WORLD WAR II,
- 00:56:08.280 --> 00:56:12.080
- AND KNOWING WHAT I KNOW FROM VIETNAM AND THE
- 00:56:12.100 --> 00:56:16.210
- NUMBER OF LETTERS I HAD TO WRITE HOME, WE ARE
- 00:56:16.230 --> 00:56:19.200
- HONORING THOSE WHO SERVED BY BUILDING GOLD
- 00:56:19.220 --> 00:56:22.210
- STAR FAMILY MONUMENTS ALL OVER THE UNITED STATES.
- 00:56:22.230 --> 00:56:25.180
- [MUSIC]
- 00:56:25.200 --> 00:56:30.270
- - TODAY, WE'VE UNCOVERED SOME TRULY
- 00:56:30.290 --> 00:56:32.090
- REMARKABLE HISTORY.
- 00:56:32.110 --> 00:56:33.290
- WE NOW KNOW THAT GOD'S HAND WAS INVOLVED IN
- 00:56:34.010 --> 00:56:35.200
- EVERY ASPECT OF BRIAN BIRDWELL'S SURVIVAL.
- 00:56:35.220 --> 00:56:37.260
- WE KNOW THAT THE HIGHLY CONTROVERSIAL ATOMIC
- 00:56:37.280 --> 00:56:40.250
- BOMBS USED IN WORLD WAR II TOOK LESS LIVES THAN
- 00:56:40.270 --> 00:56:44.100
- THE ENEMY SLAUGHTERED BY HAND, AND WE ALSO
- 00:56:44.120 --> 00:56:46.250
- KNOW THE DRAMATIC EVENTS AND SAVED LIVES
- 00:56:46.270 --> 00:56:49.210
- ARE OFTEN THE RESULT OF THE LITTLE GUYS, THE
- 00:56:49.230 --> 00:56:52.030
- UNSUNG HEROES WHO SERVE OUR COUNTRY.
- 00:56:52.050 --> 00:56:54.190
- WHAT WE'VE SEEN AND HEARD ONLY SCRATCHES
- 00:56:54.210 --> 00:56:56.210
- THE SURFACE.
- 00:56:56.230 --> 00:56:58.130
- SO FOR ME INFORMATION ABOUT ANY OF TODAY'S
- 00:56:58.150 --> 00:57:00.190
- TOPICS, I INVITE YOU TO DISCOVER EVEN MORE
- 00:57:00.210 --> 00:57:02.220
- HIDDEN HISTORY AT OUR WEB SITE:
- 00:57:02.240 --> 00:57:04.270
- OR YOU CAN GO TO THE APP STORE ON YOUR SMART
- 00:57:06.190 --> 00:57:08.120
- DEVICE AND DOWNLOAD THE "WALL BUILDERS" APP, AND
- 00:57:08.140 --> 00:57:10.100
- YOU CAN ALSO GO TO OUR "WALL BUILDERS" FACEBOOK
- 00:57:10.120 --> 00:57:12.090
- PAGE AND LIKE US THERE.
- 00:57:12.110 --> 00:57:14.030
- AND BE SURE TO STAY TUNED TBN FOR MORE
- 00:57:14.050 --> 00:57:15.290
- EXCITING CHAPTERS IN AMERICA'S HIDDEN HISTORY.
- 00:57:16.010 --> 00:57:19.060
- [MUSIC]
- 00:57:19.080 --> 00:57:25.130