America's Hidden History | Douglas MacArthur
September 12, 2019
27:35
America's Hidden History
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America's Hidden History | Douglas MacArthur
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- - [Narrator] Modern historians have revised,
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- rewritten and even deleted entire chapters
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- of American history.
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- So what are we missing?
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- What happened to the history that didn't make the books?
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- Join historian David Barton, Tim Barton
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- and special guests as they uncover the facts
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- some historians don't want you to know.
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- This is America's Hidden History.
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- (suspenseful theme music)
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- - We're in Norfork, Virginia talking about
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- the life of Douglas MacArthur.
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- Actually standing outside the Douglas MacArthur Memorial,
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- the Douglas MacArthur Square.
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- Over our shoulder there is a statue of Douglas MacArthur.
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- One of only nine men to achieve the rank,
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- was a Five Star General.
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- There have actually been people that posthumously
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- were awarded some, like George Washington.
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- - Well yeah, George Washington in 1976 on the Bicentennial
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- of the country, President Gerald Ford said,
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- George Washington needs to forever be the top general
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- in our whole district.
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- So he gave him the rank of a Six Star General.
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- So that's 1976, so nobody's every going to get the rank
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- of George Washington.
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- But he came close.
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- - In World War II, he was put in charge
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- of the Pacific theatre.
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- I think people probably might recognize the notion
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- when he was leaving the Philippines and he said
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- that I will return.
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- So there's a few details we know,
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- but his story really is fascinating.
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- And it actually starts out in the Wild West, so to speak.
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- - It really does start out in the Wild West.
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- He was born in 1880.
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- His father was actually a Lieutenant General
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- in the Civil War.
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- And his father got the Medal of Honor
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- for action at Mission Ridge.
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- So his father is a distinguished officer.
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- And so Douglas is born on a western post in 1880,
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- and he grew up in the west.
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- In his own writings, he said, I could ride a horse
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- and shoot before I could speak and I could walk.
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- So he really did grow up in the Old West,
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- a bunch of western forts.
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- And then growing up, he decided to go into the military,
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- like his father.
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- He went to West Point.
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- He was at West Point about 1903.
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- And in his time at West Point,
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- he graduated with real honors.
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- He's the third highest ranking cadet ever
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- in West Point history.
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- - [Tim] Top cadet from his class,
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- but that's kinda just the beginning of his military story.
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- - Yeah, he stays in the military,
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- and as things develop,
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- he gets involved in several actions.
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- Probably the one that brought him to notoriety
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- was something that happened in 1914.
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- Mexico had had a revolution,
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- and in that revolution, we had some American troops
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- down there at one of the forts, at Veracruz.
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- And part of the troops he sent into Veracruz
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- included this young officer named Douglas MacArthur.
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- And for that action, he was nominated
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- for the Medal of Honor.
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- Now he didn't receive it then,
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- but that's a nomination for Medal of Honor,
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- which is the highest military award given
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- in the United States.
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- So after that is all settled,
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- we come to a terms of peace.
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- The next that happens is World War I breaks out.
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- So he's sent over to World War I to fight there.
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- And while he's there, he gets in all of this trench warfare.
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- For his bravery and his leadership and courage,
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- he's awarded seven different silver stars in World War I,
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- which is amazing.
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- He was actually in the same battle with Sergeant York.
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- And Sergeant York is the most decorated hero
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- of World War I.
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- He got the Medal of Honor.
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- So Douglas MacArthur is right there in the same camp
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- with all these medals.
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- He's also made a General in World War I.
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- So he's a Brigadier General.
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- And by the way, in the Army, you have a Brigadier General,
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- one star.
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- You have the Major General, which is two star.
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- You have the Lieutenant General, which is three star.
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- You have a General, which is four star.
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- And then you have a General of the Army,
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- which is five star, which is where he ended up.
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- So he gets his first star as General,
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- and he comes back to the United States.
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- And they say, we need to put you in charge
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- of training soldiers.
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- So he becomes the Commorant at West Point.
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- And at West Point, he tries to institute a lot of reforms.
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- He tries to change the way the curriculum is run
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- because they're still teaching military tactics
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- using Civil War battles.
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- He goes, no, no, no, we've got World War I.
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- We've got a lot newer stuff.
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- This is in the twenties when he was Commorant.
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- Later in the twenties, the head of the Olympic Committee
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- expectantly died, and they said, MacArthur,
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- he needs to be the guy to run the Olympic Committee.
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- So the 1928 Olympics, he's in charge of
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- the American athletes.
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- So he gives them this pep talk,
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- we're going to Amsterdam.
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- He said, we're not going 3.000 miles to lose gracefully.
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- So kind of like military troops, gets them all riled up.
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- And they go and they win the most medals in the Olympics.
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- So he does a great job in the Olympics,
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- the Olympic team.
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- He's the youngest Major General in the Army.
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- And then he's sent to the Philippines.
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- Now today, we know the Philippines as an independent nation.
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- But that happened after World War II.
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- At the time he was in the Army, the Philippines
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- was an American territory.
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- And so he's sent to the Philippines because
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- all this instability is happening in the Pacific area.
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- It was all kind of building up.
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- And he's sent there to really build a military force
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- in the Philippines.
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- So he goes there and starts what would be
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- the Philippine equivalent of West Point.
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- And starts training officers and soldiers.
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- He becomes the official Field Marshall of all of
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- the Philippines military.
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- And so he spends a long time in the Far East,
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- training soldiers there, trying to get them ready
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- for what happens if they get attacked,
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- which eventually did happen in World War II.
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- So after all that time in the Philippines,
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- and all that he's put in there,
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- he decides I've had a long career,
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- time to retire, and he does.
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- He retires from the military.
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- - And it makes sense after the years you've put in,
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- and you've served your country.
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- You think, you know I've done my job.
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- I can step back now, so he stepped back
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- until he was needed again.
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- And that leads up to World War II.
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- (inspirational music)
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- We're in Washington D.C. at the World War II Memorial.
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- And talking about Douglas MacArthur at the end
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- of World War I, as he goes to the Philippines,
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- as he's rebuilding the strength of the Philippines,
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- really helping the military.
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- He retires and thinks I'm really done
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- with the military service.
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- I helped this nation, I rebuilt their strength
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- and their military.
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- And so he thinks he's out of this,
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- but as escalation and tensions are happening across Europe,
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- as Hitler's come to power, war is now breaking out
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- in Europe, things are changing in America.
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- - Yeah, and they see that change also growing
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- in the Pacific area with what the Japanese are doing,
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- what they've done in China,
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- killing literally millions in China.
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- They're moving through the Korean Peninsula.
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- And at that point, President Roosevelt recalls
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- Douglas MacArthur active duty.
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- He says, I want you to take care of the Philippines.
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- He makes him the Commander over all of the Philippines,
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- all the Far East region.
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- And at that point, when he recalled MacArthur to duty,
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- MacArthur was a two star General, a Major General.
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- The next day, Roosevelt made him a three star General,
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- Lieutenant General.
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- And then by the end of that month had made him
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- a four star General.
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- So he's given him charge of everything there
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- in the Philippines because they weren't being able
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- to stop the Japanese.
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- They're allies of Hitler, so they wanted to be able
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- to stop it there.
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- Well, when the Japanese hit Pearl Harbor
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- on December seventh,
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- and they wiped out so much of the fleet,
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- it's the next day that they hit the Philippines.
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- And they wipe out all of MacArthur's Air Force.
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- He has no Air Force anymore.
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- So just a few weeks later, President Roosevelt
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- orders that Douglas MacArthur abandon the Philippines.
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- And he didn't want to do that.
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- That's where he wanted to live.
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- That's where his heart is.
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- He moved all of his possessions to the Philippines.
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- That was going to be where he lived
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- the rest of his life,
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- and now he's been ordered to abandon it.
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- So his heart is with the Philippine people.
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- He gives his famous speech that says,
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- I shall return.
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- I mean he gives them a promise, I'm coming back.
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- We're not going to let this stand.
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- So he goes to Australia, and in Australia
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- he starts an operation to start taking the Pacific back
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- from the Japanese.
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- We often hear in school what's called island hopping,
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- the strategy that the allies hop from island to island.
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- Actually MacArthur said, no way.
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- He said that's really predictable.
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- He said I want Operation Cartwheel.
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- And so instead of going from island to island,
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- he would hop way ahead to islands.
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- And the Japanese didn't know where he was going to hit next.
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- And so slowly over a period of time,
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- they start taking back islands in the Pacific.
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- So it's in October of 1944 that he does return
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- to the Philippines.
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- And he walks out, gets out of the boat,
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- goes on the beach.
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- Says to the people of the Philippines, I have returned.
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- And that to this day is one of the greatest reasons,
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- we're told even today, the Far East has great respect
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- for America because we kept our word.
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- And by the way, it was about a month after that
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- that Congress passed a law that says,
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- we're going to allow some five star Generals,
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- we've never had that before.
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- We're going to do that.
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- And so at that point, MacArthur is made
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- one of the those five star Generals.
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- As we mentioned earlier, there's only five Army guys
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- who've ever obtained that rank.
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- So now he's back in the Philippines,
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- and they start fighting to retake the Philippines.
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- But they have the Battle of Manila,
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- and it goes on for a long time.
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- The Japanese have almost 300.000 soldiers there
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- at Manila, but because he loves the Philippines,
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- he would allow now air strikes on the Japanese.
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- He did not want to destroy Manila,
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- he didn't want to destroy the Philippines.
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- It made it tough because he allowed the civilians
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- to come and go as they wanted.
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- He would not impede their progress.
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- And the Japanese were killing and massacring civilians
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- everywhere, but he was gonna try to preserve
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- the Philippines and he did.
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- And so eventually as he orchestrates all the stuff
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- during the Pacific, we come to the point that
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- he's preparing for what's called Operation Downfall.
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- And that is, we have got to bring Japan to their knees.
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- We had to do a D Day invasion in Europe
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- to bring Hitler to his knees.
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- So we're gonna do a D Day type of invasion in Japan.
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- And so as they're getting ready to do that,
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- the estimates come back.
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- If we do this, the Japanese people are not like the Germans.
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- They do not give up.
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- They're gonna fight to the death.
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- They think that death is a glorious thing.
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- Their ancestors and so it's a whole different mentality.
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- And the estimates come back that we're looking at probably
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- one million Americans will die if we invade Japan.
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- Two to four million allies will die.
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- And we think we'll have to kill between
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- five and 10 million Japanese before they surrender.
- 00:10:27.040 --> 00:10:30.120
- And it's at the point that President Truman said no,
- 00:10:30.120 --> 00:10:32.290
- we have a bomb that we'll use.
- 00:10:32.290 --> 00:10:34.190
- We're not gonna cause all that loss of life.
- 00:10:34.190 --> 00:10:37.120
- And so dropping two bombs cost about 300.000 Japanese lives,
- 00:10:37.120 --> 00:10:41.240
- but no ally lives.
- 00:10:41.240 --> 00:10:43.070
- And so dropping bombs probably saved somewhere between
- 00:10:43.070 --> 00:10:46.020
- 2 and up to 15 million lives.
- 00:10:46.020 --> 00:10:49.010
- And at that point, the Japanese do surrender.
- 00:10:49.010 --> 00:10:51.060
- And it's MacArthur that whom they surrender.
- 00:10:51.060 --> 00:10:53.090
- And so on the U.S.S. Missouri is where they signed
- 00:10:53.090 --> 00:10:55.270
- the peace treaty that ends World War II.
- 00:10:55.270 --> 00:10:58.080
- And MacArthur has taken and done in the Pacific
- 00:10:58.080 --> 00:11:01.250
- what Eisenhower had done over on the Atlantic side
- 00:11:01.250 --> 00:11:04.230
- in Europe.
- 00:11:04.230 --> 00:11:05.220
- So World War II comes to an end
- 00:11:05.220 --> 00:11:07.160
- right there under the supervision
- 00:11:07.160 --> 00:11:09.070
- of General Douglas MacArthur.
- 00:11:09.070 --> 00:11:10.210
- (upbeat music)
- 00:11:10.210 --> 00:11:13.070
- - Hey everyone, back here in the WallBuilders Collection,
- 00:11:20.150 --> 00:11:22.180
- this time going through the archives
- 00:11:22.180 --> 00:11:24.000
- looking for things that deal with World War II
- 00:11:24.000 --> 00:11:26.150
- and General MacArthur.
- 00:11:26.150 --> 00:11:27.220
- We actually have a lot of stuff.
- 00:11:27.220 --> 00:11:29.000
- This is one of the helmet's they had.
- 00:11:29.000 --> 00:11:30.170
- We've got a bayonet right here from an M1 Garand,
- 00:11:30.170 --> 00:11:33.080
- so it probably saw a lot of action back in the war,
- 00:11:33.080 --> 00:11:36.100
- especially over in the Pacific theatre.
- 00:11:36.100 --> 00:11:38.260
- In fact, we've got a wartime paper.
- 00:11:38.260 --> 00:11:40.010
- This is after the Nazis have surrendered,
- 00:11:40.010 --> 00:11:41.140
- but they're still fighting the Pacific theatre,
- 00:11:41.140 --> 00:11:43.100
- where General MacArthur was the head ally Commander.
- 00:11:43.100 --> 00:11:46.170
- So we've got, right, this is a picture
- 00:11:46.170 --> 00:11:49.080
- that they actually found off of a captured Japanese soldier.
- 00:11:49.080 --> 00:11:51.200
- It shows a beheading of an allied prisoner
- 00:11:51.200 --> 00:11:53.260
- because of the atrocities that MacArthur was dealing with
- 00:11:53.260 --> 00:11:56.220
- really are hard to even fathom in today's world.
- 00:11:56.220 --> 00:12:00.160
- Over here, we've got a number of Bibles
- 00:12:00.160 --> 00:12:03.000
- from World War II.
- 00:12:03.000 --> 00:12:04.070
- Because right the soldiers are going in
- 00:12:04.070 --> 00:12:05.190
- and dealing with that, there's one thing that they need,
- 00:12:07.020 --> 00:12:08.010
- and that's the word of God.
- 00:12:08.010 --> 00:12:09.090
- This is actually called a heart shield Bible.
- 00:12:09.090 --> 00:12:10.080
- It's got an engraving saying,
- 00:12:10.080 --> 00:12:11.180
- may this keep you save from harm.
- 00:12:11.180 --> 00:12:14.040
- And that's a steel plate on the front of it,
- 00:12:14.040 --> 00:12:15.190
- so they would drop that in their pocket,
- 00:12:15.190 --> 00:12:17.240
- in their breast pocket.
- 00:12:17.240 --> 00:12:19.040
- And a lot of soldiers actually came back,
- 00:12:19.040 --> 00:12:21.220
- and they said this is what saved my life
- 00:12:21.220 --> 00:12:24.050
- because it caught a bullet
- 00:12:24.050 --> 00:12:25.200
- and was actually able to stop it from hurting him.
- 00:12:25.200 --> 00:12:27.190
- So we've got a lot of things from World War II.
- 00:12:27.190 --> 00:12:30.040
- We also have some original artifacts from General MacArthur.
- 00:12:30.040 --> 00:12:33.170
- So this right here is actually the Proclamation
- 00:12:33.170 --> 00:12:36.180
- that he gave when he landed on the Philippines.
- 00:12:36.180 --> 00:12:39.230
- So this is his famous, I have returned, speech.
- 00:12:39.230 --> 00:12:42.120
- And he says, I have returned.
- 00:12:42.120 --> 00:12:43.260
- By the grace of Almighty God, our forces stand again
- 00:12:43.260 --> 00:12:47.130
- on Philippine soil.
- 00:12:47.130 --> 00:12:48.280
- Soil consecrated in the blood of our two peoples.
- 00:12:48.280 --> 00:12:51.100
- In the name of your sacred dead, strike.
- 00:12:51.100 --> 00:12:54.070
- Let no heart by faint.
- 00:12:54.070 --> 00:12:55.110
- Let every arm be steeled.
- 00:12:55.110 --> 00:12:57.140
- The guidance of divine God points the way.
- 00:12:57.140 --> 00:13:00.050
- Follow in His name to the Holy Grail of righteous victory.
- 00:13:00.050 --> 00:13:04.030
- So this is the speech that he gave when he landed
- 00:13:04.030 --> 00:13:06.130
- back on the Philippines.
- 00:13:06.130 --> 00:13:08.000
- We've got a lot of artifacts down here in the collection
- 00:13:08.000 --> 00:13:10.000
- that really help us get a better idea on some of
- 00:13:10.000 --> 00:13:13.050
- these big characters from history,
- 00:13:13.050 --> 00:13:15.020
- one of those being General MacArthur.
- 00:13:15.020 --> 00:13:17.180
- (inspirational music)
- 00:13:17.180 --> 00:13:20.230
- - So the war has come to an end,
- 00:13:35.290 --> 00:13:38.120
- but now you have to rebuild Japan.
- 00:13:38.120 --> 00:13:39.270
- You know, we couldn't just walk off and leave them
- 00:13:39.270 --> 00:13:42.140
- to their own devices because
- 00:13:42.140 --> 00:13:43.260
- they brought this on themselves.
- 00:13:43.260 --> 00:13:45.180
- That's not the way America is.
- 00:13:45.180 --> 00:13:47.030
- And so just as in Europe, we're rebuilding
- 00:13:47.030 --> 00:13:49.110
- and trying to get it back to a civilized
- 00:13:49.110 --> 00:13:52.100
- fully functioning area.
- 00:13:52.100 --> 00:13:54.180
- The same thing is trying to be done over in Japan.
- 00:13:54.180 --> 00:13:57.060
- And President Truman puts Douglas MacArthur
- 00:13:57.060 --> 00:13:59.200
- in charge of rebuilding all of Japan.
- 00:13:59.200 --> 00:14:02.010
- And that's a big deal
- 00:14:02.010 --> 00:14:03.090
- because the mentality is so different.
- 00:14:03.090 --> 00:14:05.120
- Th Emperor, for example, he's considered not as a God,
- 00:14:05.120 --> 00:14:08.190
- he's considered to be God.
- 00:14:08.190 --> 00:14:10.060
- And they have military Shintoism,
- 00:14:10.060 --> 00:14:11.290
- and that military mindset that conquering
- 00:14:11.290 --> 00:14:15.070
- is what is required for us to do.
- 00:14:15.070 --> 00:14:17.220
- And the role of women is just not there at all.
- 00:14:17.220 --> 00:14:20.060
- They don't have a constitution.
- 00:14:20.060 --> 00:14:21.250
- Their economic system, even the land use,
- 00:14:21.250 --> 00:14:24.000
- most of the land is owned by a handful of people.
- 00:14:24.000 --> 00:14:27.000
- And they had all these tenet farmers working on it,
- 00:14:27.000 --> 00:14:29.050
- so there's not private property to speak of.
- 00:14:29.050 --> 00:14:31.110
- So MacArthur comes in to be in charge of rebuilding.
- 00:14:31.110 --> 00:14:34.200
- And he recognizes, you gotta have the whole mindset here.
- 00:14:34.200 --> 00:14:37.120
- So interestingly, the first thing MacArthur does
- 00:14:37.120 --> 00:14:40.030
- is says I need missionaries.
- 00:14:40.030 --> 00:14:42.030
- I need a bunch of Christian missionaries over here.
- 00:14:42.030 --> 00:14:44.100
- We need the Bible.
- 00:14:44.100 --> 00:14:46.040
- And so 5.000 missionaries respond and come into Japan.
- 00:14:46.040 --> 00:14:50.130
- And within a short period of time,
- 00:14:50.130 --> 00:14:52.150
- the Bible becomes one of the best selling books in Japan.
- 00:14:52.150 --> 00:14:55.220
- So he administers the rebuilding of Japan.
- 00:14:55.220 --> 00:14:58.280
- He puts a constitution in place.
- 00:14:58.280 --> 00:15:01.250
- He abolishes military Shintoism.
- 00:15:01.250 --> 00:15:03.280
- It's interesting, the first time he met the Emperor,
- 00:15:03.280 --> 00:15:05.240
- now remember, the people think the Emperor is God.
- 00:15:05.240 --> 00:15:08.290
- And the Japanese media would only take a picture
- 00:15:08.290 --> 00:15:11.250
- of the Emperor, who actually was a very short, small guy,
- 00:15:11.250 --> 00:15:14.210
- upwards so he looked really big.
- 00:15:14.210 --> 00:15:16.280
- There was never anyone else in the picture
- 00:15:16.280 --> 00:15:18.050
- because they wouldn't see how big he was.
- 00:15:18.050 --> 00:15:20.090
- And the people thought he was this huge guy.
- 00:15:20.090 --> 00:15:23.050
- MacArthur goes in, who is a huge guy,
- 00:15:23.050 --> 00:15:25.060
- and here's the little Emperor,
- 00:15:25.060 --> 00:15:26.130
- and they take a press picture of that.
- 00:15:26.130 --> 00:15:28.140
- And the Japanese press is terrified, horrified.
- 00:15:28.140 --> 00:15:31.190
- You can't release that.
- 00:15:31.190 --> 00:15:32.260
- He said, no, we're going to release this.
- 00:15:32.260 --> 00:15:35.070
- So he had every newspaper in Japan run that picture
- 00:15:35.070 --> 00:15:37.110
- of him towering over the Emperor.
- 00:15:37.110 --> 00:15:40.080
- And they're all, oh my gosh, they've just never
- 00:15:40.080 --> 00:15:43.160
- seen anything like this.
- 00:15:43.160 --> 00:15:45.010
- And so it gives a mindset from the very beginning
- 00:15:45.010 --> 00:15:47.170
- of who's in charge here.
- 00:15:47.170 --> 00:15:49.060
- And he is so thorough in making those changes
- 00:15:49.060 --> 00:15:52.080
- that within only seven years Japan is fully voted
- 00:15:52.080 --> 00:15:57.000
- back into the community of World Nations.
- 00:15:57.000 --> 00:15:59.210
- Such a transformation happening
- 00:15:59.210 --> 00:16:01.120
- in such a short period of time,
- 00:16:01.120 --> 00:16:03.100
- to such really an economic powerhouse, a powerful nation.
- 00:16:03.100 --> 00:16:07.000
- Women have rights.
- 00:16:07.000 --> 00:16:08.060
- There's land ownership.
- 00:16:08.060 --> 00:16:09.180
- Things that have not been done in Japan
- 00:16:09.180 --> 00:16:11.270
- literally in centuries and even in millennia,
- 00:16:11.270 --> 00:16:14.290
- he's brought those subsequent changes.
- 00:16:14.290 --> 00:16:17.190
- But there's another conflict on the horizon
- 00:16:17.190 --> 00:16:19.280
- already taking place.
- 00:16:19.280 --> 00:16:21.130
- (inspirational music)
- 00:16:21.130 --> 00:16:24.180
- So with the surrender of Japan,
- 00:16:35.170 --> 00:16:37.110
- World War II comes to a close.
- 00:16:37.110 --> 00:16:39.160
- Douglas MacArthur oversees the rebuilding,
- 00:16:39.160 --> 00:16:41.270
- the supervision of the remaking of Japan.
- 00:16:41.270 --> 00:16:44.180
- But simultaneously in that same period of time,
- 00:16:44.180 --> 00:16:47.020
- we're trying to decide what to you do with
- 00:16:47.020 --> 00:16:48.280
- what used to be the Japanese Empire?
- 00:16:48.280 --> 00:16:50.200
- Because Japan in previous decades had taken in
- 00:16:50.200 --> 00:16:53.250
- so much territory.
- 00:16:53.250 --> 00:16:55.030
- They had taken in so many of the nations,
- 00:16:55.030 --> 00:16:57.100
- including Korea.
- 00:16:57.100 --> 00:16:58.220
- And so now that Japan no longer has control over nations
- 00:16:58.220 --> 00:17:01.270
- like Korea, you have to decide what are you
- 00:17:01.270 --> 00:17:03.120
- going to do with them?
- 00:17:03.120 --> 00:17:04.070
- How do you rebuild?
- 00:17:04.070 --> 00:17:05.020
- How to do you restore?
- 00:17:05.020 --> 00:17:06.120
- And so within that framework, they decided okay,
- 00:17:06.120 --> 00:17:08.230
- among the allied nations we'll see who supervises what area.
- 00:17:08.230 --> 00:17:11.200
- And so the Soviet Union was given supervision
- 00:17:11.200 --> 00:17:13.270
- over the northern part of Korea.
- 00:17:13.270 --> 00:17:15.160
- America was given supervision over
- 00:17:15.160 --> 00:17:17.050
- the southern part of Korea.
- 00:17:17.050 --> 00:17:18.200
- And so it kind of becomes a protectant of America
- 00:17:18.200 --> 00:17:21.050
- until it rebuilds itself, gets back on its feet.
- 00:17:21.050 --> 00:17:24.000
- And in 1950, the North Koreans invade into South Korea.
- 00:17:24.000 --> 00:17:29.000
- Well that's the American protector.
- 00:17:30.040 --> 00:17:31.110
- We gotta defend the South Koreans.
- 00:17:31.110 --> 00:17:32.280
- And so the U.N. gets involved,
- 00:17:32.280 --> 00:17:34.110
- and says no, no, no, we've got to stop this.
- 00:17:34.110 --> 00:17:37.010
- And so the U.N. says we need to defend South Korea
- 00:17:37.010 --> 00:17:39.210
- from the aggression of North Koreans.
- 00:17:39.210 --> 00:17:41.120
- And Douglas MacArthur is made the Commander in Chief
- 00:17:41.120 --> 00:17:44.040
- of all the forces there to defend South Korea.
- 00:17:44.040 --> 00:17:46.160
- So now he's involved in the Korean War,
- 00:17:46.160 --> 00:17:48.250
- and he's in charge of that war.
- 00:17:48.250 --> 00:17:50.250
- And so it's going pretty well all along the way there.
- 00:17:50.250 --> 00:17:54.200
- We're getting North Koreans pushed back,
- 00:17:54.200 --> 00:17:56.070
- and then it turns out that Chinese get involved.
- 00:17:56.070 --> 00:17:59.040
- And here come 300.000 Chinese troops
- 00:17:59.040 --> 00:18:02.140
- that hadn't been planned on,
- 00:18:02.140 --> 00:18:04.080
- which kinda changes the direction of the war.
- 00:18:04.080 --> 00:18:06.120
- - It still doesn't slow down the idea
- 00:18:06.120 --> 00:18:07.230
- that Douglas MacArthur.
- 00:18:07.230 --> 00:18:09.000
- He thought, hey that's no problem.
- 00:18:09.000 --> 00:18:10.080
- We'll take on whatever bully wants to fight us,
- 00:18:10.080 --> 00:18:12.080
- and he said let's just go to China.
- 00:18:12.080 --> 00:18:13.200
- And we'll just beat the Chinese.
- 00:18:13.200 --> 00:18:14.270
- But Harry Truman realized, wait a second,
- 00:18:14.270 --> 00:18:16.280
- China and the Soviet Union have made a deal
- 00:18:16.280 --> 00:18:19.290
- that if one of them gets attacked and invaded,
- 00:18:19.290 --> 00:18:21.140
- they're going to defend and protect the other one.
- 00:18:21.140 --> 00:18:22.220
- And so arguably, Harry Truman's just thinking,
- 00:18:22.220 --> 00:18:25.030
- we can't have another World War.
- 00:18:25.030 --> 00:18:27.130
- And so he starts trying to pull back the reigns,
- 00:18:27.130 --> 00:18:29.270
- what can we do to end this conflict
- 00:18:29.270 --> 00:18:31.170
- without having major fighting more than we already have?
- 00:18:31.170 --> 00:18:35.040
- - Let's negotiate, find a way to get out of this.
- 00:18:35.040 --> 00:18:37.190
- - [Tim] Which is not what MacArthur wants to do.
- 00:18:37.190 --> 00:18:39.130
- MacArthur is the warrior, he's a fighter, he's a winner.
- 00:18:39.130 --> 00:18:42.010
- He says let's find a way to conquer these people
- 00:18:42.010 --> 00:18:44.110
- that are trying to attack and want to do these things.
- 00:18:44.110 --> 00:18:46.190
- - And his concern was if we didn't,
- 00:18:46.190 --> 00:18:48.130
- we're gonna be doing this again later.
- 00:18:48.130 --> 00:18:50.060
- I mean if you don't defeat the enemy now,
- 00:18:50.060 --> 00:18:51.240
- you're gonna have to face this same enemy at some point.
- 00:18:51.240 --> 00:18:54.040
- So let's get this stopped right here.
- 00:18:54.040 --> 00:18:55.190
- - And that just wasn't integral to Harry Truman.
- 00:18:55.190 --> 00:18:57.150
- Harry Truman says no, we have to negotiate.
- 00:18:57.150 --> 00:18:59.090
- We can't go to war with the Chinese and the Soviet Union.
- 00:18:59.090 --> 00:19:01.280
- We need to find a way to just kind of
- 00:19:01.280 --> 00:19:03.150
- calm this down right now.
- 00:19:03.150 --> 00:19:05.030
- So this really brought a chasm between MacArthur and Truman,
- 00:19:05.030 --> 00:19:08.250
- even more than what was already there,
- 00:19:08.250 --> 00:19:10.230
- that really they just weren't able
- 00:19:10.230 --> 00:19:12.020
- to bridge this gap anymore.
- 00:19:12.020 --> 00:19:13.180
- - The problem is, the chasm becomes public.
- 00:19:13.180 --> 00:19:16.170
- MacArthur goes public with what should be done for victory.
- 00:19:16.170 --> 00:19:19.260
- And Truman over here is trying to
- 00:19:19.260 --> 00:19:21.150
- move a different direction.
- 00:19:21.150 --> 00:19:22.220
- So now you have five star General
- 00:19:22.220 --> 00:19:24.280
- contradicting the President.
- 00:19:24.280 --> 00:19:26.050
- Well the President is the Commander in Chief.
- 00:19:26.050 --> 00:19:28.030
- He is in charge of the military.
- 00:19:28.030 --> 00:19:29.170
- And so at that point is when Truman
- 00:19:29.170 --> 00:19:32.240
- essentially fires MacArthur.
- 00:19:32.240 --> 00:19:34.170
- He removes him, replaces him.
- 00:19:34.170 --> 00:19:36.100
- And that pretty much kind of ends
- 00:19:36.100 --> 00:19:38.200
- MacArthur's career at that point.
- 00:19:38.200 --> 00:19:40.050
- Now the interesting thing about a five star General is
- 00:19:40.050 --> 00:19:42.060
- they're never allowed to retire.
- 00:19:42.060 --> 00:19:43.150
- You can never retire as a five star General.
- 00:19:43.150 --> 00:19:45.150
- You are always in active duty.
- 00:19:45.150 --> 00:19:47.160
- And so he comes back to the United States.
- 00:19:47.160 --> 00:19:49.270
- He gives a speech to Congress,
- 00:19:49.270 --> 00:19:51.140
- and man is there an enthusiastic response.
- 00:19:51.140 --> 00:19:53.280
- More than 50 times Congress interrupted his speech
- 00:19:53.280 --> 00:19:56.220
- because he is a hero.
- 00:19:56.220 --> 00:19:58.010
- - Interrupted to give ovations, by the way.
- 00:19:58.010 --> 00:20:00.070
- - Ovations, that's right, ovations.
- 00:20:00.070 --> 00:20:01.190
- - This was very well received.
- 00:20:01.190 --> 00:20:03.100
- They love this man.
- 00:20:03.100 --> 00:20:04.220
- - He's had more than 100 military decorations
- 00:20:04.220 --> 00:20:08.050
- throughout his career.
- 00:20:08.050 --> 00:20:09.120
- I mean this is a true American hero.
- 00:20:09.120 --> 00:20:11.030
- And it's interesting, even though Truman kind of
- 00:20:11.030 --> 00:20:15.150
- had to do that, you can't let a subordinate take you on.
- 00:20:15.150 --> 00:20:18.200
- Truman's popularity fell to 20%.
- 00:20:18.200 --> 00:20:23.200
- That's the lowest favorability rating
- 00:20:24.250 --> 00:20:26.250
- any President on record since they've been doing polls.
- 00:20:26.250 --> 00:20:29.220
- The American public, the American Congress,
- 00:20:29.220 --> 00:20:31.160
- they were all behind Douglas MacArthur.
- 00:20:31.160 --> 00:20:33.080
- And that's where he gave the famous speech that
- 00:20:33.080 --> 00:20:35.110
- all soldiers don't die, they just fade away.
- 00:20:35.110 --> 00:20:38.220
- And so he did kind of fade, but he also became
- 00:20:38.220 --> 00:20:41.010
- a counselor to subsequent Presidents.
- 00:20:41.010 --> 00:20:43.190
- For example, he told John F. Kennedy,
- 00:20:43.190 --> 00:20:45.190
- stay out of Vietnam.
- 00:20:45.190 --> 00:20:47.040
- And then Kennedy is killed,
- 00:20:47.040 --> 00:20:48.230
- and President Johnson comes in.
- 00:20:48.230 --> 00:20:50.160
- And he says, stay out of Vietnam.
- 00:20:50.160 --> 00:20:52.050
- And so he's still giving counsel to Presidents
- 00:20:52.050 --> 00:20:55.140
- right up until the latter stages of his life.
- 00:20:55.140 --> 00:20:58.140
- (inspirational music)
- 00:20:58.140 --> 00:21:01.200
- The remarkable life of Douglas MacArthur
- 00:21:13.140 --> 00:21:15.220
- comes to a close in 1964.
- 00:21:15.220 --> 00:21:17.280
- And at that point, he is buried here.
- 00:21:17.280 --> 00:21:20.020
- Now this originally was a city hall back in 1850,
- 00:21:21.150 --> 00:21:24.280
- and in 1960, the Mayor of Norfolk says,
- 00:21:24.280 --> 00:21:27.160
- we're gonna do a new city hall.
- 00:21:27.160 --> 00:21:29.000
- Let's take the old one and make it as a memorial
- 00:21:29.000 --> 00:21:31.160
- for Douglas MacArthur whenever he passes away.
- 00:21:31.160 --> 00:21:34.140
- And they did.
- 00:21:34.140 --> 00:21:35.290
- And we're surrounded here with his military medals
- 00:21:35.290 --> 00:21:37.150
- and with his life and so much of what he did,
- 00:21:37.150 --> 00:21:39.250
- World War II, Korea, World War I,
- 00:21:39.250 --> 00:21:42.180
- it's all here.
- 00:21:42.180 --> 00:21:43.260
- As you look back over the life of MacArthur,
- 00:21:43.260 --> 00:21:45.240
- here's a guy who loved his country,
- 00:21:45.240 --> 00:21:48.000
- sacrificed much for his country,
- 00:21:48.000 --> 00:21:49.270
- did much to help his country and the world,
- 00:21:49.270 --> 00:21:52.270
- but he was also a family guy.
- 00:21:52.270 --> 00:21:55.280
- You look back at his own life with his father,
- 00:21:55.280 --> 00:21:58.040
- his father and the son, Douglas MacArthur
- 00:21:58.040 --> 00:22:00.270
- both were awarded with the Medal of Honor.
- 00:22:00.270 --> 00:22:03.130
- Actually one of Douglas MacArthur's early assignments
- 00:22:03.130 --> 00:22:06.210
- was as a staff member to his father.
- 00:22:06.210 --> 00:22:08.200
- So he served on the staff of his father,
- 00:22:08.200 --> 00:22:10.180
- the relationship there.
- 00:22:10.180 --> 00:22:12.050
- Douglas has his own son, and it's interesting
- 00:22:12.050 --> 00:22:15.090
- that in 1942 he's honored as the Father of the Year,
- 00:22:15.090 --> 00:22:19.010
- right in the middle of World War II.
- 00:22:19.010 --> 00:22:21.160
- And at that point in time, he brought a great perspective
- 00:22:21.160 --> 00:22:24.020
- to be both a father and a warrior.
- 00:22:24.020 --> 00:22:28.060
- And this is what he said,
- 00:22:28.060 --> 00:22:29.250
- by profession I am a soldier and take pride in that fact,
- 00:22:29.250 --> 00:22:33.160
- but I'm prouder, infinitely prouder to be a father.
- 00:22:33.160 --> 00:22:36.170
- A soldier destroys in order to build.
- 00:22:36.170 --> 00:22:39.020
- The father only builds, never destroys.
- 00:22:39.020 --> 00:22:41.280
- The one has the potentialities of death,
- 00:22:41.280 --> 00:22:45.130
- the other embodies creation and life.
- 00:22:45.130 --> 00:22:48.040
- And while the hordes of death are mighty,
- 00:22:48.040 --> 00:22:50.080
- the battalions of life are mightier still.
- 00:22:50.080 --> 00:22:53.260
- It is my hope that my son when I'm gone
- 00:22:53.260 --> 00:22:56.190
- will remember me not from battle,
- 00:22:56.190 --> 00:22:59.090
- but in the home repeating with him our simple daily prayer,
- 00:22:59.090 --> 00:23:03.150
- Our Father Who art in Heaven.
- 00:23:03.150 --> 00:23:05.230
- It's great perspective, and it's about that time
- 00:23:05.230 --> 00:23:08.180
- that what we now know as a father's prayer
- 00:23:08.180 --> 00:23:11.040
- was made public and came out surrounding Douglas MacArthur.
- 00:23:11.040 --> 00:23:15.090
- So he has a great life, great perspective,
- 00:23:15.090 --> 00:23:17.100
- he's a man who loved his kids, he loved his family,
- 00:23:17.100 --> 00:23:22.000
- he loved his country, and he loved his God.
- 00:23:22.000 --> 00:23:24.080
- - And like many incredible people from American history,
- 00:23:24.080 --> 00:23:26.210
- sometimes we know their name,
- 00:23:26.210 --> 00:23:27.250
- we don't often know their story.
- 00:23:27.250 --> 00:23:29.210
- And Douglas MacArthur's story is just one more
- 00:23:29.210 --> 00:23:32.040
- of America's great hidden heroes.
- 00:23:32.040 --> 00:23:34.140
- (peaceful music)
- 00:23:34.140 --> 00:23:37.060
- My disappointments and one of my favorite things
- 00:23:41.280 --> 00:23:44.030
- about MacArthur related to his story,
- 00:23:44.030 --> 00:23:47.110
- I'm a little disappointed we didn't
- 00:23:47.110 --> 00:23:49.140
- go to the Philippines.
- 00:23:49.140 --> 00:23:51.110
- I'm not sure if we adjusted the budget,
- 00:23:51.110 --> 00:23:52.250
- but I feel like you know what, next time
- 00:23:52.250 --> 00:23:55.160
- we should just, or Japan, we should make this
- 00:23:55.160 --> 00:23:56.190
- an international trip.
- 00:23:56.190 --> 00:23:58.030
- I did come away with a MacArthur look alike pipe.
- 00:23:58.030 --> 00:24:02.000
- I don't know what I'm going to do with it,
- 00:24:02.000 --> 00:24:02.270
- but I have a souvenir.
- 00:24:02.270 --> 00:24:04.150
- He's just such an interesting guy to learn more about
- 00:24:04.150 --> 00:24:07.240
- and recognizing the significance of what he did,
- 00:24:07.240 --> 00:24:10.270
- the influence he had, the voice he had
- 00:24:10.270 --> 00:24:12.270
- with the Presidents, even after World War II.
- 00:24:12.270 --> 00:24:15.000
- He's just such an interesting story.
- 00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:17.040
- - The thing that stands out to me about him
- 00:24:17.040 --> 00:24:19.130
- is confidence, and he had a lot of confidence.
- 00:24:19.130 --> 00:24:23.040
- He had a heavy dose of confidence.
- 00:24:23.040 --> 00:24:24.120
- He knew what he could do.
- 00:24:24.120 --> 00:24:25.260
- - But you can't be a General without some confidence
- 00:24:25.260 --> 00:24:28.050
- at some level.
- 00:24:28.050 --> 00:24:29.120
- - Well especially a four star General.
- 00:24:29.120 --> 00:24:29.290
- - Right.
- 00:24:29.290 --> 00:24:31.050
- - Without having accomplished stuff,
- 00:24:31.050 --> 00:24:32.180
- what he did at West Point and everything else.
- 00:24:32.180 --> 00:24:34.020
- And I think a good example of that and how others
- 00:24:34.020 --> 00:24:36.030
- around him often, I don't know if they were jealous of it
- 00:24:36.030 --> 00:24:38.180
- or misinterpreted it or what,
- 00:24:38.180 --> 00:24:40.100
- but when he says to the Philippines, I shall return,
- 00:24:40.100 --> 00:24:43.130
- the War Department says, no, no, no.
- 00:24:43.130 --> 00:24:44.190
- We shall return.
- 00:24:44.190 --> 00:24:45.180
- He said, no, no, I shall return.
- 00:24:45.180 --> 00:24:47.180
- And then the order comes out, he says,
- 00:24:47.180 --> 00:24:49.030
- I have returned.
- 00:24:49.030 --> 00:24:50.150
- And it was I, and so others said,
- 00:24:50.150 --> 00:24:53.100
- it's all about him.
- 00:24:53.100 --> 00:24:55.100
- Well in some ways it was because he knew
- 00:24:55.100 --> 00:24:57.220
- what he could get done.
- 00:24:57.220 --> 00:24:58.170
- - Right.
- 00:24:58.170 --> 00:25:00.040
- - And that confidence, when you got a bold confidence
- 00:25:00.040 --> 00:25:02.040
- knowing what you can do, other people around you
- 00:25:02.040 --> 00:25:04.110
- that have less confidence or want to do it differently,
- 00:25:05.280 --> 00:25:07.050
- you're gonna have some conflicts with Generals.
- 00:25:07.050 --> 00:25:08.090
- - Sure.
- 00:25:08.090 --> 00:25:09.150
- - But I look at the results of what he did,
- 00:25:09.150 --> 00:25:11.000
- not only in the Pacific theatre,
- 00:25:11.000 --> 00:25:13.230
- but I am just amazed that you can go in
- 00:25:13.230 --> 00:25:16.200
- to the Japanese culture,
- 00:25:16.200 --> 00:25:18.160
- which has been that way for decades,
- 00:25:18.160 --> 00:25:20.100
- for generations, for centuries,
- 00:25:20.100 --> 00:25:22.150
- and in seven years you can completely transform
- 00:25:22.150 --> 00:25:25.250
- a nation economically, politically, religiously,
- 00:25:25.250 --> 00:25:29.020
- to where the rest of the world says, oh yeah,
- 00:25:29.020 --> 00:25:31.010
- we want you guys back in with us.
- 00:25:31.010 --> 00:25:33.020
- And you're accepted back into the world of nations
- 00:25:33.020 --> 00:25:34.280
- in seven years.
- 00:25:34.280 --> 00:25:35.260
- - [Tim] Yeah.
- 00:25:35.260 --> 00:25:37.100
- - I mean what MacArthur did borders on the fantastic
- 00:25:37.100 --> 00:25:40.250
- in so many ways, and at the same time
- 00:25:40.250 --> 00:25:43.080
- he keeps the perspective that yeah I'm a soldier,
- 00:25:43.080 --> 00:25:45.180
- but I'm a father as well.
- 00:25:45.180 --> 00:25:47.030
- And so his relationship with his wife and his son,
- 00:25:47.030 --> 00:25:49.200
- it's amazing stuff.
- 00:25:49.200 --> 00:25:50.250
- - As people are wanting to be leaders,
- 00:25:50.250 --> 00:25:52.150
- there's definitely some takeaways you can learn from him,
- 00:25:52.150 --> 00:25:54.280
- where you have to have a moral conviction
- 00:25:54.280 --> 00:25:56.190
- and stand on that.
- 00:25:56.190 --> 00:25:57.260
- When he says, I will return, it's because,
- 00:25:57.260 --> 00:25:59.160
- I mean in my mind I'm thinkin', well yeah,
- 00:25:59.160 --> 00:26:01.190
- I'm not giving you a promise from the Federal Government,
- 00:26:01.190 --> 00:26:03.250
- I'm giving my word.
- 00:26:03.250 --> 00:26:04.260
- I can't control what they do.
- 00:26:04.260 --> 00:26:06.110
- - That's right.
- 00:26:06.110 --> 00:26:07.090
- - I can control what I do.
- 00:26:07.090 --> 00:26:08.170
- - I will do that.
- 00:26:08.170 --> 00:26:10.000
- - And again, to me, that's that moral clarity
- 00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:11.080
- where he was going to be a person of truth,
- 00:26:11.080 --> 00:26:12.200
- and he was going to tell you what he thought
- 00:26:12.200 --> 00:26:14.130
- and stand by what he thought.
- 00:26:14.130 --> 00:26:16.040
- And I think as a leader, he sets some
- 00:26:16.040 --> 00:26:18.290
- really great examples, lessons that we can learn from,
- 00:26:18.290 --> 00:26:21.180
- certainly as we look back through American history.
- 00:26:21.180 --> 00:26:23.280
- (inspirational music)
- 00:26:23.280 --> 00:26:27.030
- - [Narrator] We hope you're enjoying TBN's exclusive series,
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